A correlational meta-analytical study of transforming growth factor-β genetic polymorphisms as a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Several studies have examined the association between transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) genetic polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk, but the results remained inconclusive and controversial.

Aims: We aimed to examine the correlation between TGF-β genetic polymorphisms and COPD risk through a comprehensive meta-analysis. Additionally, changes in circulating TGF-β concentrations across genotypes of TGF-β genetic polymorphisms were analyzed.

Application of super-selective renal artery embolization in renal injuries.

OBJECTIVE: To use super-selective renal artery embolization in treatment of patients with renal injuries. METHODS: From 1991 to 1998, 11 cases of renal injuries due to d ifferent causes underwent super-selective renal artery embolization. In these p atients, 91% of injury sites were segmental arteries and their branches.