Research Progress in the Pathogenesis of Cognitive Dysfunction in White Matter Hyperintensities: A Narrative Review.

Cerebral small vessel disease is a common disease endangering human health due to its insidious and repeated onset and progressive aggravation. White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are one of the classic imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease. The term 'WMHs' was first proposed by Hachinski in 1987.

Zika virus transmission in Aedes aegypti: a systematic study on the ability of mosquitoes to transmit the virus horizontally and vertically.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the genus Orthoflavivirus, and the family Flaviviridae. It commonly presents with febrile-like symptoms, neurological issues, and pregnancy complications in humans. Currently, there is no commercial vaccine or specific treatment available to prevent ZIKV infection.

Corrigendum to "Screening a neurotransmitter-receptor-related inhibitor library identifies clomipramine HCl as a potential antiviral compound against Japanese encephalitis virus" [Infectious Medicine 3 (2024) 100130].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.

Learning Dendritic-Neuron-Based Motion Detection for RGB Images: A Biomimetic Approach.

In this study, we designed a biomimetic artificial visual system (AVS) inspired by biological visual system that can process RGB images. Our approach begins by mimicking the photoreceptor cone cells to simulate the initial input processing followed by a learnable dendritic neuron model to replicate ganglion cells that integrate outputs from bipolar and horizontal cell simulations. To handle multi-channel integration, we utilize a nonlearnable dendritic neuron model to simulate the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), which consolidates outputs across color channels, an essential function in biological multi-channel processing.

Extracellular vesicles promote the infection and pathogenicity of Japanese encephalitis virus.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic zoonotic pathogen that poses a serious threat to public health. Currently, there is no specific therapeutic agent available for JEV infection, primarily due to the complexity of its infection mechanism and pathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been known to play an important role in viral infection, but their specific functions in JEV infection remain unknown.

Screening a neurotransmitter-receptor-related inhibitor library identifies clomipramine HCl as a potential antiviral compound against Japanese encephalitis virus.

Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a leading cause of viral encephalitis worldwide. JEV exhibits significant neuroinvasiveness and neurotoxicity, resulting in considerable damage to the nervous system. Japanese encephalitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate, seriously harming both human health and livestock production.

Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 and NS1' protein disrupts the blood-brain barrier through macrophage migration inhibitory factor-mediated autophagy.

Flaviviruses in the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) serogroup, such as JEV, West Nile virus, and St. Louis encephalitis virus, can cause severe neurological diseases. The nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a multifunctional protein of flavivirus that can be secreted by infected cells and circulate in the host bloodstream.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the immune features and viral tropism in the central nervous system of mice infected with Japanese encephalitis virus.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic pathogen that causes lethal encephalitis. The high susceptibility and massive proliferation of JEV in neurons lead to extensive neuronal damage and inflammation within the central nervous system. Despite extensive research on JEV pathogenesis, the effect of JEV on the cellular composition and viral tropism towards distinct neuronal subtypes in the brain is still not well comprehended.

Correlation of the serum cell division cycle 42 with CD4 T cell subsets and in-hospital mortality in Stanford type B aortic dissection patients.

Objective: Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) regulates CD4 -cell differentiation and participates in vascular stiffness and atherosclerosis and is involved in the progression of Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD). This study aimed to explore the correlation between serum CDC42 level and CD4 cell subsets and in-hospital mortality in TBAD patients.

Methods: Serum CDC42 and peripheral blood T-helper (Th) 1, Th2, and Th17 cells were detected in 127 TBAD patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively.

Distribution and correlation of iron oxidizers and carbon-fixing microbial communities in natural wetlands.

Most microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (mFeOB) belonging to the family Gallionellaceae are autotrophic microorganisms that can use inorganic carbon to drive carbon sequestration in wetlands. However, the relationship between microorganisms involved in Fe and C cycling is not well understood. Here, soil samples were collected from different wetlands to explore the distribution and correlation of Gallionella-related mFeOB and carbon-fixing microorganisms containing cbbL and cbbM genes.

Microbe interactions drive the formation of floating iron films in circumneutral wetlands.

Floating iron (Fe) films are widely found in wetlands that can form oxic-anoxic boundaries under circumneutral conditions. These films play a crucial role in the redox transformations and bioavailability of nutrients and trace metals. Current studies mainly focus on chemical oxidation during Fe film formation under circumneutral conditions.

H3K27me3 of Rnf19a promotes neuroinflammatory response during Japanese encephalitis virus infection.

Histone methylation is an important epigenetic modification that affects various biological processes, including the inflammatory response. In this study, we found that infection with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) leads to an increase in H3K27me3 in BV2 microglial cell line, primary mouse microglia and mouse brain. Inhibition of H3K27me3 modification through EZH2 knockdown and treatment with EZH2 inhibitor significantly reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines during JEV infection, which suggests that H3K27me3 modification plays a crucial role in the neuroinflammatory response caused by JEV infection.

Wrinkling and Strengthening Behaviors in the Two-Layer-Sheet Hot-Forming-Quenching Integrated Process for an Al-Cu-Mg-Alloy Thin-Walled Curved-Surface Shell.

The thin-walled curved-surface component is an important structural element in aerospace. Wrinkling, springback and thermal distortion occur easily when forming these components. To form thin-walled components with high precision and strength, a two-layer-sheet hot-forming-quenching integrated process was proposed, in which wrinkling is prevented by thickening the upper sheet and springback is reduced by solution and die quenching.

Biological determinants perpetuating the transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne flaviviruses.

Mosquito-borne flaviviruses present a major public health concern. Their transmission is sustained in a cycle between mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts. However, the dynamicity of the virus-mosquito-host triad has not been completely understood.

The Influence of the Gut Microbiota on Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that tends to occur in the elderly. The main symptom is hypomnesia. More and more older people are suffering from this disease worldwide.

The Variations of Leaf δC and Its Response to Environmental Changes of Arbuscular and Ectomycorrhizal Plants Depend on Life Forms.

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and ectomycorrhiza (ECM) are the two most common mycorrhizal types and are paid the most attention to, playing a vital common but differentiated function in terrestrial ecosystems. The leaf carbon isotope ratio (δC) is an important factor in understanding the relationship between plants and the environment. In this study, a new database was established on leaf δC between AM and ECM plants based on the published data set of leaf δC in China's C terrestrial plants, which involved 1163 observations.

Corresponding risk factors between cognitive impairment and type 1 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a type of diabetes caused by the destruction of pancreatic β cells and the absolute lack of insulin secretion. T1DM usually starts in adolescence or develops directly as a severe disease state of ketoacidosis. T1DM and its complications make many people suffer and have psychological problems, which make us have to pay more attention to the prevention and early control of T1DM.

Excessive immunosuppression by regulatory T cells antagonizes T cell response to schistosome infection in PD-1-deficient mice.

Schistosomiasis is caused by parasitic flatworms known as schistosomes and affects over 200 million people worldwide. Prevention of T cell exhaustion by blockade of PD-1 results in clinical benefits to cancer patients and clearance of viral infections, however it remains largely unknown whether loss of PD-1 could prevent or cure schistosomiasis in susceptible mice. In this study, we found that S.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase crop yields by improving biomass under rainfed condition: a meta-analysis.

Background: Rainfed agriculture plays key role in ensuring food security and maintain ecological balance. Especially in developing areas, most grain food are produced rainfed agricultural ecosystem. Therefore, the increase of crop yields in rainfed agricultural ecosystem becomes vital as well as ensuring global food security.

Autophagy inhibitors alleviate Japanese encephalitis virus-induced cerebral inflammation in mice.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a zoonotic epidemic disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and currently, no medicines are available to treat this disease. Autophagy modulators play an important role in the treatment of tumors, heart disease, and some viral diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of autophagy modulators on JEV infection and the host response in mice.

One-Step Microfluidic Fabrication of Multi-Responsive Liposomes for Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin Synergism with Photothermal Effect.

Introduction: Cancer of the bladder is one of the most common and life-threatening. Compared with traditional delivery methods, intravesical administration reduces the amount of drugs required, increases the amount of drugs reaching the lesion site, and minimizes systemic exposure to therapeutic agents. To overcome the limitations of urinary voiding, low urothelium permeability, and intermittent catheterization for large dilution and irrigation of drugs in the bladder, magnetic and photothermal-responsive folate receptor-targeted thermal liposomes (FA-TMLs) were designed for the targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to bladder cancer cells.

Stoichiometry of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Shrub Organs Linked Closely With Mycorrhizal Strategy in Northern China.

Mycorrhizal strategies include mycorrhizal statuses and mycorrhizal types, which are important reflections of the functional characteristics of ecosystems. The stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in plant organs is an important part of ecosystem functions, which has an important impact on the nutrient cycle of the ecosystem. The concentration of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus played a crucial role in ecosystem functioning and dynamics.

Evaluation of Vertebrate-Specific Replication-Defective Zika Virus, a Novel Single-Cycle Arbovirus Vaccine, in a Mouse Model.

The flavivirus Zika (ZIKV) has emerged as a global threat, making the development of a ZIKV vaccine a priority. While live-attenuated vaccines are known to induce long-term immunity but reduced safety, inactivated vaccines exhibit a weaker immune response as a trade-off for increased safety margins. To overcome the trade-off between immunogenicity and safety, the concept of a third-generation flavivirus vaccine based on single-cycle flaviviruses has been developed.