Insular dysfunction of interoception in major depressive disorder: from the perspective of neuroimaging.

Interoception plays a crucial role in maintaining bodily homeostasis and promoting survival, and is considered the basis of human emotion, cognition, and self-formation. A malfunction of interoception is increasingly suggested to be a fundamental component of different mental health conditions, and depressive disorders have been especially closely associated. Interoceptive signaling and processing depends on a system called the "interoceptive pathway," with the insula, located in the deep part of the lateral fissure, being the most important brain structure in this pathway.

Electrophilic Thiocyanation of Tryptamine Derivatives: Divergent Synthesis of SCN-Containing Indole Compounds.

A tandem dearomative electrophilic thiocyanation/cyclization/acylation of indoles was developed for the first time, which is enabled by acyl chloride. A variety of 3-SCN pyrroloindolines were obtained with moderate to excellent yields. Interestingly, following replacement of acyl chloride with methanesulfonic acid, 2-SCN tryptamines were obtained using the same starting substrates and reagents.

Enhancing the Photoelectric Properties of Zinc Porphyrin Dyes by Introducing Five-Membered Heterocyclic Rings into the Electron Donor: A Density Functional Theory and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Study.

To fabricate highly efficient dye sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells, new zinc porphyrin dye sensitizers were designed based on one of the most efficient dyes, YD2--C8, by introducing electron-rich heterocyclic rings into the electron donor. Five potentially efficient dyes, Dye1-5, were obtained by replacing the phenyl group of the donor in YD2--C8 with pyrrolyl, furyl, and thienyl groups. The electronic structures, absorption spectra, intramolecular charge-transfer characteristics, and excited-state lifetimes of the designed dyes were investigated using the density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory methods.

Function-structure coupling: White matter functional magnetic resonance imaging hyper-activation associates with structural integrity reductions in schizophrenia.

White matter (WM) microstructure deficit may be an underlying factor in the brain dysconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). However, WM dysfunction is unclear in schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the association between structural deficits and functional disturbances in major WM tracts in schizophrenia.

Lewis-Acid-Mediated Intramolecular Trifluoromethylthiolation of Alkenes with Phenols: Access to SCF-Containing Chromane and Dihydrobenzofuran Compounds.

A Lewis-acid-mediated intramolecular trifluoromethylthiolation of alkenes with phenols that can offer direct access to SCF-containing chromane and dihydrobenzofuran compounds was disclosed for the first time. Numerous SCF-containing chromanes were obtained in moderate to good yields using γ-substituted 2-allyphenols as substrates. Meanwhile, various SCF-containing dihydrobenzofurans with oxa-quaternary centers were also delivered in moderate to good yields using β-substituted 2-allyphenols as substrates.

Coumarin derivatives with anticancer activities: An update.

Cancer can invade or spread to almost all parts of the body. The increasing morbidity and high mortality of cancer create a great demand for the development of novel anticancer drugs. Coumarin derivatives are ubiquitous in nature and can readily interact with diverse enzymes and receptors in cancer cells via weak bond interactions; hence, coumarin is a highly privileged pharmacophore for the development of novel anticancer agents.

Lewis-Acid-Mediated Thiocyano Semipinacol Rearrangement of Allylic Alcohols for Construction of α-Quaternary Center β-Thiocyano Carbonyls.

An electrophilic thiocyano semipinacol rearrangement of allylic alcohols has been achieved for the first time by using -thiocyano-dibenzenesulfonimide (NTSI). This approach provides a direct, simple, and efficient strategy for the formation of thiocyano carbonyl compounds with moderate to excellent yields. Meanwhile, an all-carbon quaternary center was rapidly constructed.

Lewis Base/Brønsted Acid Co-Catalyzed Asymmetric Thiolation of Alkenes with Acid-Controlled Divergent Regioselectivity.

A divergent strategy for the facile preparation of various enantioenriched phenylthio-substituted lactones was developed based on Lewis base/Brønsted acid co-catalyzed thiolation of homoallylic acids. The acid-controlled regiodivergent cyclization (6-endo vs. 5-exo) and acid-mediated stereoselective rearrangement of phenylthio-substituted lactones were explored.

Lewis base-catalyzed asymmetric sulfenylation of alkenes: construction of sulfenylated lactones and application to the formal syntheses of (-)-nicotlactone B and (-)-galbacin.

An efficient method for the preparation of chiral sulfenylated lactones has been described based on Lewis base-catalyzed enantioselective sulfenylation of unsaturated carboxylic acids. The scope of this method includes two enantioselective cyclization reactions: 5-endo and 6-exo thiolactonizations of alkenes. Two types of lactones were obtained with up to 95% ee and 99% yield.

TMSCl-Catalyzed Electrophilic Thiocyano Oxyfunctionalization of Alkenes Using N-Thiocyano-dibenzenesulfonimide.

Numerous electrophilic thiocyano oxyfunctionalization reactions of alkenes have been achieved using N-thiocyano-dibenzenesulfonimide, which is a new electrophilic thiocyanation reagent and could be easily prepared in two steps from dibenzenesulfonimide. This approach provides efficient, simple, and modular methods for the formation of SCN-containing heterocycles such as lactones, tetrahydrofurans, dihydrofurans, and dihydrobenzofurans in moderate to excellent yields. Meanwhile, diverse oxa-quaternary centers were rapidly constructed.

Recent advances of pyrazole-containing derivatives as anti-tubercular agents.

One-third of the world's population infected tuberculosis (TB), and more than 1 million deaths annually. The co-infection between the mainly pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and HIV, and the incidence of drug-resistant TB, multi-drug resistant TB, extensively drug-resistant TB as well as totally drug-resistant TB have further aggravated the mortality and spread of this disease. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel anti-TB agents against both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB.

Design, synthesis and in vitro anti-mycobacterial evaluation of gatifloxacin-1H-1,2,3-triazole-isatin hybrids.

A set of novel gatifloxacin-1H-1,2,3-triazole-isatin hybrids 6a-l was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anti-mycobacterial activities against M. tuberculosis (MTB) HRv and MDR-TB as well as cytotoxicity. The results showed that all the targets (MIC: 0.

Azide-alkyne cycloaddition towards 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered gatifloxacin and isatin conjugates: Design, synthesis and in vitro anti-mycobacterial evaluation.

Twelve novel 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered gatifloxacin (GTFX) isatin conjugates 5a-l with greater lipophilicity compared with GTFX were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anti-mycobacterial activities against M. tuberculosis (MTB) HRv and MDR-TB as well as cytotoxicity. The preliminary results showed that all the targets (MIC: 0.

Synthesis, characterization and spectral properties of substituted tetraphenylporphyrin iron chloride complexes.

A series of substituted tetraphenylporphyrin iron chloride complexes [RTPPFe(III)Cl, R=o/p-NO₂, o/p-Cl, H, o/p-CH₃, o/p-OCH₃] were synthesized by a novel universal mixed-solvent method and the spectral properties of free base porphyrins and iron porphyrin compounds were compared with each other. The experimental results showed that the one-pot mixed solvent method was superior to the two-step method in the yields, reaction time and workup of reaction mixtures for the synthesis of iron porphyrin compounds. The highest yields (28.

[Identification of Fructus Schisandrae chinensis and Fructus Schisandrae sphenantherae in wu zi yan zong pill by RP-HPLC analysis].

Objective: To identify Fructus schisandrae chinensis and Fructus schisandrae sphenantherae in wu zi yan zong pill (WZYZP).

Methods: Columm SUPELCOSIL C18; Mobile phase: methanol-water (65:35); Detection wavelength: 254 nm.

Results: Using above optimum chromatography conditions, the HPLC chromatography of relative medicinal materials and WZYZP was established.