Kirenol alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing oxidative stress and ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction via activating the CK2/AKT pathway.

Ischemic stroke represents a predominant cause of morbidity and mortality globally, resulting from abrupt vascular occlusion or rupture, which precipitates considerable neuronal damage. This study aims to shed more light on the specific neuroprotective mechanisms of Kirenol, a bioactive diterpene derived from traditional herbal medicine, with a particular focus on its regulation of mitochondrial dynamics via the CK2/AKT signalling pathway and its impact on the mitochondrial fusion protein Optic atrophy 1 (Opa1). The effects of Kirenol on neuronal viability, mitochondrial function, and pertinent signalling pathways were evaluated by employing a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rats and subjecting HT22 neuronal cells to oxidative stress.

Gualou Guizhi Granule inhibits microglia-mediated neuroinflammation to protect against neuronal apoptosis and .

Object: Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia has emerged as a critical factor in ischemic stroke and neuronal damage. Gualou Guizhi Granule (GLGZG) has been shown to suppress inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia, though the underlying mechanisms and its protective effects against neuronal apoptosis remain unclear. This study aims to investigate how GLGZG regulates the Notch signaling pathway in microglia to reduce neuroinflammation and protect neurons from apoptosis.

Current advances on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control and applications of .

(Wall.) Lindl. (AR) is a perennial herb that has long been used as medicinal and edible plant.

Analysis of glutathione Stransferase mu class 5 gene methylation as a prognostic indicator in low-grade gliomas.

Background: Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are a variety of brain tumors that show different clinical outcomes. The methylation of the GSTM5 gene has been noted in the development of LGG, however, its prognostic importance remains uncertain.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between GSTM5 DNA methylation and clinical outcomes in individuals diagnosed with LGG.

Nitric oxide signal is required for glutathione-induced enhancement of photosynthesis in salt-stressed S L.

Reduced glutathione (γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH), the primary non-protein sulfhydryl group in organisms, plays a pivotal role in the plant salt stress response. This study aimed to explore the impact of GSH on the photosynthetic apparatus, and carbon assimilation in tomato plants under salt stress, and then investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in this process. The investigation involved foliar application of 5 mM GSH, 0.

Ascorbic Acid Improves Tomato Salt Tolerance by Regulating Ion Homeostasis and Proline Synthesis.

In this study, processing tomato ( L.) 'Ligeer 87-5' was hydroponically cultivated under 100 mM NaCl to simulate salt stress. To investigate the impacts on ion homeostasis, osmotic regulation, and redox status in tomato seedlings, different endogenous levels of ascorbic acid (AsA) were established through the foliar application of 0.

Spatially varying relationships of soil Se concentration and rice Se concentration in Guangxi, China: A geographically weighted regression approach.

In recent years, the biogeochemical behavior and environmental impact of Selenium (Se) on soil-plant systems have received widespread attention, and traditional statistical methods reveal generally positive correlations between rice Se and soil Se. However, that initial positive relationship may have been obscured by local external factors. Using local scale data from the geochemical evaluation of land quality project, this work employed geographically weighted regression (GWR) to examine the spatial variation of rice Se (as the dependent variable) and soil Se (as the independent variable) in Guangxi.

Solar ultraviolet B radiation promotes α-MSH secretion to attenuate the function of ILC2s via the pituitary-lung axis.

The immunomodulatory effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in human diseases have been described. Whether type 2 lung inflammation is directly affected by solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is not fully understood. Here, we show a possible negative correlation between solar UVB radiation and asthmatic inflammation in humans and mice.

Soil selenium enrichment in the Loess Plateau of China: Geogenic evidence, spatial distribution, and it's influence factors.

The selenium (Se)-deficient soil belt in China has gained widespread attention. During large-scale soil surveys in China, Se-rich soils within low-Se belts have been identified. However, the sources of Se in those soils and the controlling factors for their enrichment remain unclear.

The TRIM37 variants in Mulibrey nanism patients paralyze follicular helper T cell differentiation.

The Mulibrey (Muscle-liver-brain-eye) nanism caused by loss-of-function variants in TRIM37 gene is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe growth failure and constrictive pericarditis. These patients also suffer from severe respiratory infections, co-incident with an increased mortality rate. Here, we revealed that TRIM37 variants were associated with recurrent infection.

Prediction of cadmium contents in rice grains from Quaternary sediment-distributed farmland using field investigations and machine learning.

The Quaternary sediment-distributed regions of South China are suitable for rice cultivation, which is crucial for ensuring food security. Spatial correlations between soil cadmium (Cd) and rice Cd contents are generally poor, making the evaluation of rice quality and associated health risks challenging. In this study, we developed machine learning algorithms for predicting rice Cd contents using 654 data pairs of soil-rice samples collected in Guangxi province, China.

Impact of sex and serum lipids interaction on working memory: A large-scale brain networks study.

Backgrounds: Previous studies have demonstrated that both serum lipid levels and sex are crucial factors associated with individual cognition. However, the impact of sex and serum lipid interaction effects on the brain and cognition remains largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the underlying neural mechanisms among sex, serum lipids, and cognition using large-scale brain networks.

The Protective Effect of Exogenous Ascorbic Acid on Photosystem Inhibition of Tomato Seedlings Induced by Salt Stress.

This study investigated the protective effects of exogenous ascorbic acid (AsA, 0.5 mmol·L) treatment on salt-induced photosystem inhibition in tomato seedlings under salt stress (NaCl, 100 mmol·L) conditions with and without the AsA inhibitor lycorine. Salt stress reduced the activities of photosystem II (PSII) and PSI.

Enrichment mechanisms of Mo in soil in the karst region Guangxi, China.

Soils developed in karst regions have naturally high background values of molybdenum (Mo) due to geological factors. However, the enrichment mechanism of Mo in these soils are not fully understood, making it challenging to assess their ecological risk and utilize Mo-rich land resources. To shed light on this issue, this study collected and analyzed data from the 1:50,000 geochemical survey in Guangxi, including 536,503 sets of soil data and 3043 sets of rock data, as well as 40 sets of carbonate rock-soil from typical karst regions.

HTR2A agonists play a therapeutic role by restricting ILC2 activation in papain-induced lung inflammation.

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a category of heterogeneous cells that produce the cytokines IL-5 and IL-13, which mediate the type 2 immune response. However, specific drug targets on lung ILC2s have rarely been reported. Previous studies have shown that type 2 cytokines, such as IL-5 and IL-13, are related to depression.

Brain re-expansion predict the recurrence of unilateral CSDH: A clinical grading system.

Objective: Assessing the risk of postoperative recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a clinical focus. To screen the main factors associated with the perioperative hematoma recurrence. The brain re-expansion is the core factor of recurrence.

Exploring the Risk Thresholds of Soil Heavy Metals in Carbonate and Non-carbonate Rock Areas: The Case of Qianjiang District in Chongqing, China.

To determine whether the national soil heavy metal standards (GB 15618-2018) are applicable to some carbonate and non-carbonate zones in Southwest China, rice and rhizosphere soil samples were collected in Chongqing and analyzed for heavy metal contents, pH, and other chemical parameters. In addition, regression analysis was also used to predict the risk threshold of soil heavy metals. The Cd risk screening value in GB 15618-2018 was strict for alkaline soils (pH > 7.

Allergen protease-activated stress granule assembly and gasdermin D fragmentation control interleukin-33 secretion.

Interleukin-33 (IL-33), an epithelial cell-derived cytokine that responds rapidly to environmental insult, has a critical role in initiating airway inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanism underlying IL-33 secretion following allergen exposure is not clear. Here, we found that two cell events were fundamental for IL-33 secretion after exposure to allergens.

Anti-Parkinson's Disease Activity of Extracts in the MPTP-Induced Zebrafish Model.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating disease of the central nervous system that occurs mainly in the elderly age group, affecting their quality of life. The PD pathogenesis is not yet fully understood and lacks the disease-modifying treatment strategies. () is a perennial fungus with a plethora of pharmacological activities including anti-cancer and antioxidant activity and so on.

Thrombin cleaves IL-33 and modulates IL-33-activated allergic lung inflammation.

Background: Organisms have orchestrated coagulation and immune systems. Although a link between inflammation and haemostasis has been reported in asthma, the interaction mechanism has not been completely elucidated. Here, we investigated the direct link between the mammalian immune and coagulation systems.

Atractylenolide-I Sensitizes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Paclitaxel by Blocking CTGF Expression and Fibroblast Activation.

This investigation was conducted to elucidate whether atractylenolide-I (ATL-1), which is the main component of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, can sensitize triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells to paclitaxel and investigate the possible mechanism involved. We discovered that ATL-1 could inhibit tumor cell migration and increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to paclitaxel. ATL-1 downregulated the expression and secretion of CTGF in TNBC cells.

PKD2 gene variants in Chinese patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

PKD2 gene variants account for 4.5% to 20% of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Little is known about the clinical characteristics of PKD2 variants in Chinese patients with ADPKD.

NIS-promoted three-component reaction of 3-oxo-3-arylpropanenitriles with arylsulfonyl hydrazides.

A new three-component reaction of 3-oxo-3-arylpropanenitriles with arylsulfonyl hydrazides has been established, and an expanded inventory of 3-aryl-4-(arylthio)-1H-pyrazol-5-amines is synthesized by sequential cyclization and sulfenylation reactions under the action of NIS. In addition to the attractive features of multicomponent reactions, the protocol presents broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions. The utility of this procedure is further established by gram-scale synthesis as well as the diversified transformations of the products to useful compounds.