Physical frailty, genetic predisposition, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To examine the association between frailty and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), considering the joint effect of multimorbidity and genetic risk.

Methods: The study included 429,022 individuals in the UK Biobank. We used Cox regression with hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) to 1) evaluate the associations of frailty with incident T2DM, 2) explore whether frailty and multimorbidity would have a joint effect, and 3) assess whether the associations were modified by genetic risk.

Deep Red-Light-Mediated Nitric Oxide and Photodynamic Synergistic Antibacterial Therapy for the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections.

Infections caused by persistent, drug-resistant bacteria pose significant challenges in inflammation treatment, often leading to severe morbidity and mortality. Herein, the photosensitizer rhodamine derivatives are selected as the light-trapping dye and the electron-rich substituent N-nitrosoaminophen as the nitric oxide (NO)-releasing component to develop a multifunctional (deep) red-light activatable NO photocage/photodynamic prodrug for efficient treatment of wounds and diabetic foot infections. The prodrug, RhB-NO-2 integrates antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), NO sterilization, and NO-mediated anti-inflammatory properties within a small organic molecule and is capable of releasing NO and generating Reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to (deep) red laser (660 nm).

Investigating the effects of rare ginsenosides on hyperuricemia and associated sperm damage via nontargeted metabolomics and gut microbiota.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: In ancient times, ginseng was used for hyperuricemia treatment as described in the classic traditional Chinese medical text Shang Han Lun. Recent studies have shown that common ginsenosides and rare ginsenosides (RGS) are the main active compounds in ginseng. RGS have higher activity and are less studied in the treatment of hyperuricemia.

A Modified Frailty Phenotype Used for Identifying Frailty in Health Care Practice: Validation Among Chinese Older Adults.

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate a simplified and practical frailty detection tool derived from the Fried frailty phenotype (FFP). This tool was developed to facilitate the identification of frail individuals in constrained settings, addressing the challenges posed by uncertain cutoffs of FFP indicators in prompt frailty assessment.

Design: A longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study.

Co-assisted strategy of sacrificial salt-template and nitrogen-doping to promote lithium storage performance of NiO-Ni/N-C frameworks.

Tailoring the omnidirectional conductivity networks in nickel oxide-based electrodes is important for ensuring their long lifespan, stability, high capacity, and high-rate capability. In this study, nickel metal nanoparticles and a three-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon matrix were used to embellish the nickel oxide composite NiO-Ni/N-C via simplified hard templating. When a porous nitrogen-doped carbon matrix is present, a rapid pathway would be established for charging and discharging the electrons and lithium ions in a lithium-ion battery, thereby alleviating the volumetric expansion of the NiO nanoparticles during the operation of the battery.

Rational design of a ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe for real-time imaging of hydroxyl radical and its therapeutic evaluation of diabetes.

Hydroxyl radical (•OH), one of the most reactive and deleterious substances in organisms, belongs to a class of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and it has been verified to play an essential role in numerous pathophysiological scenarios. However, due to its extremely high reactivity and short lifetime, the development of a reliable and robust method for tracking endogenous •OH remains an ongoing challenge. In this work, we presented the first ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe NanoDCQ-3 for •OH sensing based on oxidative C-H abstraction of dihydroquinoline to quinoline.

Saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. husks alleviated high-fat-diet-induced hyperlipidemia via modulating the gut microbiota and multiple metabolic pathways.

Background: Hyperlipidemia is characterized by abnormally elevated blood lipids. Quinoa saponins (QS) have multiple pharmacological activities, including antitumor, bactericidal and immune-enhancing effects. However, the lipid-lowering effect and mechanisms of QS in vivo have been scarcely reported.

Optimization of green deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction of Willd. husks saponins by response surface methodology and their antioxidant activities.

Quinoa saponins have outstanding activity, and there are an increasing number of extraction methods, but there are few research programs on green preparation technology. The extraction conditions of quinoa saponins with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were optimized by single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology. The antioxidant capacity of saponins extracted by DESs and traditional methods was evaluated by the DPPH clearance rate, iron ion chelation rate and potassium ferricyanide reducing power.

High blood galectin-3 level associated with risk of frailty in aging.

Background: Frailty is one of the most problematic expressions of population aging, but its underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Circulating galectin-3 (Gal-3) is involved in the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases. This study aims to explore the influence of circulating Gal-3 on the regulation of frailty and aging and to identify the potential mechanism further.

Gut microbiota is correlated with gastrointestinal adverse events of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aim: Gastrointestinal discomfort is the most common adverse event in metformin treatment for type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of action of metformin is associated with gut microbiota. However, the gut microbial community structure related to metformin-induced gastrointestinal adverse events remains unclear.

TRIM21 deficiency promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenesis via regulating p21 expression in ovarian cancer.

Tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21) has been reported to have a cancer-promoting or anticancer effect in various tumors; however, its role in ovarian cancer (OC) remains to be elucidated. In this study, we explored the biological function of TRIM21 in OC progression and investigated the potential mechanisms. We found that TRIM21 was remarkably decreased in OC tissues and cell lines compared with adjacent-cancerous tissues and normal ovarian epithelium cell.

Ileal FXR-FGF15/19 signaling activation improves skeletal muscle loss in aged mice.

Sarcopenia is the age-related decrease in skeletal muscle mass, and current therapies for this disease are ineffective. We previously showed that ileal farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15/19 (FGF15/19) signaling acts as a regulator of gut microbiota to mediate host skeletal muscle. However, the therapeutic potential of this pathway for sarcopenia is unknown.

The influence of comprehensive nursing intervention on the compliance of glaucoma patients with their doctors' advice.

Objective: To determine the effect of targeted comprehensive nursing on the compliance of glaucoma patients with their doctors' advice.

Methods: A total of 78 patients with glaucoma admitted to the Ophthalmology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University were retrospectively enrolled and assigned to a routine nursing group and a comprehensive nursing group according to the different nursing modes each patient underwent. The routine nursing group underwent routine nursing, and the comprehensive nursing group underwent comprehensive nursing intervention.

Lipid accumulation-induced hepatocyte senescence regulates the activation of hepatic stellate cells through the Nrf2-antioxidant response element pathway.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally. Elderly individuals are at a higher risk of developing NAFLD with severe clinical outcomes. Although NAFLD is closely related to liver aging, the role of hepatocyte senescence in the progression of NAFLD, especially in the development of fibrosis, is still unclear.

Secretory Galectin-3 promotes hepatic steatosis via regulation of the PPARγ/CD36 signaling pathway.

Galectin-3 (Gal3) is an essential regulator of a number of metabolic disorders. Previous studies have established that Gal3 is a positive regulator of inflammation, fibrosis, and insulin resistance. However, its function in the early pathogenesis of hepatic lipid accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unresolved.

Depletion of gut microbiota induces skeletal muscle atrophy by FXR-FGF15/19 signalling.

Recent evidence indicates that host-gut microbiota crosstalk has nonnegligible effects on host skeletal muscle, yet gut microbiota-regulating mechanisms remain obscure. C57BL/6 mice were treated with a cocktail of antibiotics (Abx) to depress gut microbiota for 4 weeks. The profiles of gut microbiota and microbial bile acids were measured by 16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), respectively.

Lipid-injured hepatocytes release sOPN to improve macrophage migration via CD44 engagement and pFak-NFκB signaling.

Background: The key characteristics in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are hepatic lipotoxicity, inflammatory cell infiltration (activated macrophages, in part), and varying degrees of fibrosis. The fatty acid palmitate (PA) can cause hepatocyte cellular dysfunction, but whether and how this process contributes to macrophage-associated inflammation is not well understood. This study aimed to explore whether lipid-injured hepatocytes result in the secretion of osteopontin (sOPN), and how sOPN induces macrophage migration to steatosis hepatocytes.

Oleate Ameliorates Palmitate-Induced Impairment of Differentiative Capacity in C2C12 Myoblast Cells.

A common observation in metabolic disorders and aging is the elevation of free fatty acids (FFAs), which can form ectopic fat deposition and result in lipotoxicity. Ectopic fat deposition of skeletal muscle has been recognized as an important component of aging, frailty, and sarcopenia. Previous studies have suggested that lipotoxicity caused by FFAs mainly stemmed from saturated fatty acids and decreased unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio in serum are also observed among metabolic disorder patients.

Secretory galectin-3 induced by glucocorticoid stress triggers stemness exhaustion of hepatic progenitor cells.

Adult progenitor cell populations typically exist in a quiescent state within a controlled niche environment. However, various stresses or forms of damage can disrupt this state, which often leads to dysfunction and aging. We built a glucocorticoid (GC)-induced liver damage model of mice, found that GC stress induced liver damage, leading to consequences for progenitor cells expansion.

Research on Disaster Literacy and Affecting Factors of College Students in Central China.

Objectives: Disaster literacy, which is a concept involved in moral quality, knowledge, and ability, impacts the disaster response. This study aimed to evaluate disaster education needs and to determine the affecting factors of disaster literacy among college students.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through questionnaires.

PPP1R3C mediates metformin-inhibited hepatic gluconeogenesis.

Background: Metformin has been widely used to alleviate hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mainly via suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely clear. Here, we aimed to explore the role of PPP1R3C in metformin-mediated inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis.

Butyrate stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis in mouse primary hepatocytes.

Butyrate is a major short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by microbial fermentation of dietary fiber in the gastrointestinal tract. Butyrate is also a well-known broad-spectrum histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Butyrate has been reported to improve energy metabolism in rodents, which is associated with its beneficial effects on skeletal muscle, brown fat tissue and pancreatic β-cells.