Eliciting effective tumor immunity against ovarian cancer by cancer stem cell vaccination.

Advanced ovarian cancer (OC) patients have limited benefit from current relevant cytotoxic and targeted therapies following debulking surgery. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are in urgent need. Immunotherapy has shown great potential in tumor treatment, especially in tumor vaccine development.

CD8 T-cell immunity orchestrated by iNKT cells.

CD8 T cells belonging to the adaptive immune system play key roles in defending against viral infections and cancers. The current CD8 T cell-based immunotherapy has emerged as a superior therapeutic avenue for the eradication of tumor cells and long-term prevention of their recurrence in hematologic malignancies. It is believed that an effective adaptive immune response critically relies on the help of the innate compartment.

Mucin 1 downregulation decreases the anti-tumor effects of melanoma vaccine.

Background: Immunotherapy-based approaches are important breakthroughs with potential treatment benefits for melanoma patients. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is significantly upregulated in melanoma relative to normal cells. It has been reported that MUC1 influences cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis.

Silk-based hydrogel incorporated with metal-organic framework nanozymes for enhanced osteochondral regeneration.

Osteochondral defects (OCD) cannot be efficiently repaired due to the unique physical architecture and the pathological microenvironment including enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation. Conventional strategies, such as the control of implant microstructure or the introduction of growth factors, have limited functions failing to manage these complex environments. Here we developed a multifunctional silk-based hydrogel incorporated with metal-organic framework nanozymes (CuTA@SF) to provide a suitable microenvironment for enhanced OCD regeneration.

Transcriptional Regulation of Early T-Lymphocyte Development in Thymus.

T-lymphocytes play crucial roles for maintaining immune homeostasis by fighting against various pathogenic microorganisms and establishing self-antigen tolerance. They will go through several stages and checkpoints in the thymus from progenitors to mature T cells, from CD4CD8 double negative (DN) cells to CD4CD8 double positive (DP) cells, finally become CD4 or CD8 single positive (SP) cells. The mature SP cells then emigrate out of the thymus and further differentiate into distinct subsets under different environment signals to perform specific functions.

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Combined with Cytosine Arabinoside Show Anti-Leukemia Stem Cell Effects on Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species.

Background And Aim: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), initiated and maintained by leukemia stem cells (LSCs), is often relapsed or refractory to therapy. The present study aimed at assessing the effects of nanozyme-like FeO nanoparticles (IONPs) combined with cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) on LSCs in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: The CD34CD38LSCs, isolated from human AML cell line KG1a by a magnetic activated cell sorting method, were treated with Ara-C, IONPs, and Ara-C+ IONPs respectively in vitro.

APOBEC3B and IL-6 form a positive feedback loop in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

APOBEC3 protein families, a DNA cytidine deaminase, were up-regulated in multiple tumors. However, the relationship between Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and APOBEC3B (A3B) remains unknown. It has been confirmed that interleukin-6 (IL-6) has significant impacts on oncogenesis of HCC.