Response mechanism of ecosystem gross primary productivity to cloud and aerosol changes in a Chinese winter-wheat cropland.

Changes in clouds and aerosols may alter the quantity of solar radiance and its diffuse components, as well as air temperature (T) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), thereby affecting canopy photosynthesis. Our aim was to determine how ecosystem gross primary productivity (GPP) responds to the cloudiness and aerosol depth changes, as indicated by diffuse light fraction (fDIF). The environmental factors that caused these responses were examined using 2 years of eddy covariance data from a winter-wheat cropland in northern China.

Effects of diffuse light on the gross ecosystem primary productivity of a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropland in northern China.

Diffuse light is produced by clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere. Exploring the effects of diffuse light on ecosystem productivity is important for understanding the terrestrial carbon (CO) cycle. Here, 2 years of gross ecosystem primary productivity (GEP) from a (winter) wheat cropland in China was assessed using eddy covariance technology to explore the effects of diffuse photosynthetic active radiance (PAR) on wheat GEP.

Effects of laccase and lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation quality, nutrient composition, enzymatic hydrolysis, and bacterial community of alfalfa silage.

Ensiling has long been as a mainstream technology of preserving forage for ruminant production. This study investigated the effects of bioaugmented ensiling with laccase and on the fermentation quality, nutritive value, enzymatic hydrolysis, and bacterial community of alfalfa. The application of laccase and combination was more potent in modulating the fermentation quality of silage than laccase and alone, as indicated by higher lactic acid contents and lactic acid to acetic acid ratios, and lower pH, dry matter losses, and ammonia nitrogen contents.

Ensiling pretreatment fortified with laccase and microbial inoculants enhances biomass preservation and bioethanol production of alfalfa stems.

This study investigated the potential of ensiling pretreatment fortified with laccase and a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant on improving the utilization of alfalfa stems for bioethanol production. The alfalfa stems were ensiled with no additives (Con), 0.04 % laccase (LA), a LAB inoculant containing Pediococcus pentosaceus at 1 × 10 fresh weight (FW) and Pediococcus acidilactici at 3 × 10 cfu/g FW (PP), and a combination of LA and PP (LAP) for 120 days.

Effects of environmental conditions and leaf area index changes on seasonal variations in carbon fluxes over a wheat-maize cropland rotation.

Environmental conditions (EV) changes not only affect temporal variations in carbon fluxes directly, but affect them indirectly by impacting plant biotic traits. Investigating the extent of the effects of EV and biotic changes can help deepen our understanding of ecosystem carbon cycling. Therefore, we partitioned and quantified the contributions of EV and biotic changes' effects on seasonal variations in carbon fluxes (net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE), and its components, i.

Evaluation of gallnut tannin and Lactobacillus plantarum as natural modifiers for alfalfa silage: Ensiling characteristics, in vitro ruminal methane production, fermentation profile and microbiota.

Aims: The potential of gallnut tannin (GT) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) on fermentation characteristics, in vitro ruminal methane (CH ) production and microbiota of alfalfa silage was investigated.

Methods And Results: Alfalfa was ensiled with GT (20 and 50 g kg dry matter [DM]) and LP (3 × 10  CFU per gram fresh matter) alone or in combination for 60 days. The GT and LP alone or in combination decreased DM losses, pH and non-protein nitrogen contents of alfalfa silage.

Effects of Hydrolysable Tannin with or without Condensed Tannin on Alfalfa Silage Fermentation Characteristics and In Vitro Ruminal Methane Production, Fermentation Patterns, and Microbiota.

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of hydrolysable tannin (chestnut tannin, CHT) without or with condensed tannin (quebracho tannin, QT) for modulating alfalfa silage fermentation characteristics and in vitro ruminal methane (CH) production, fermentation profile, and microbiota. Alfalfa (235 g/kg fresh weight) was ensiled with no tannins (control), 2% CHT (CHT2), 5% CHT (CHT5), the combination of CHT and QT at 1% each (CHQ2), and CHT and QT at 2.5% each (CHQ5) of forage dry matter (DM).

Changes in photosynthetic traits and their responses to increasing fertilization rates in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) during decades of genetic improvement.

Backround: Changes in photosynthetic traits (PTs) during the long-term genetic improvement of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yield have been studied, but detailed information on whether PT responses to environmental stress have improved, and their correlations with seed yield, are still unknown.

Eight years of variations in ecosystem respiration over a residue-incorporated rotation cropland and its controlling factors.

The carbon dioxide emissions from cropland play important roles in the regional carbon budget. In this study, continuous measurements of the ecosystem respiration (RE) were obtained using the eddy covariance technique in a winter wheat-summer maize double cropping agroecosystem mainly between 2004 and 2012 in order to identify the among-year variations in RE and the related factors responsible. The annual RE, estimated by Lloyd and Taylor model, which was the most accurate, was 1866.

Environmental influences on light response parameters of net carbon exchange in two rotation croplands on the North China Plain.

The ecosystem light response parameters, i.e. apparent quantum yield (α), maximum rate of ecosystem gross photosynthesis (A), and daytime ecosystem respiration (R), are very important when estimating regional carbon budgets.

Interannual variation in carbon sequestration depends mainly on the carbon uptake period in two croplands on the North China Plain.

Interannual variation in plant phenology can lead to major modifications in the interannual variation of net ecosystem production (NEP) and net biome production (NBP) as a result of recent climate change in croplands. Continuous measurements of carbon flux using the eddy covariance technique were conducted in two winter wheat and summer maize double-cropped croplands during 2003-2012 in Yucheng and during 2007-2012 in Luancheng on the North China Plain. Our results showed that the difference between the NEP and the NBP, i.