Is the GFR-based scaling approach adequate for predicting pediatric renal clearance of drugs with passive tubular reabsorption? Insights from PBPK modeling.

Empirical maturation models (e.g., Johnson and Rhodin models) for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are commonly used as scaling factors for predicting pediatric renal clearance, but their predictive performance for drugs featured with tubular reabsorption is poorly understood.

Oral delivery of sodium alginate/chitosan bilayer microgels loaded with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG for targeted therapy of ulcerative colitis.

Probiotics regulate intestinal flora balance and enhance the intestinal barrier, which is useful in preventing and treating colitis. However, they have strict storage requirements. In addition, they degrade in a strongly acidic environment, resulting in a significant decrease in their activity when used as microbial agents.

Oral delivery of porous starch-loaded bilayer microgels for controlled drug delivery and treatment of ulcerative colitis.

We prepared one type of bilayer microgels for oral administration with three effects: pH responsiveness, time lag, and colon enzyme degradation. Combined with the dual biological effects of curcumin (Cur) for reducing inflammation and promoting repair of colonic mucosal injury, targeted colonic localization and release of Cur according to the colonic microenvironment were enhanced. The inner core, derived from guar gum and low-methoxyl pectin, afforded colonic adhesion and degradation behavior; the outer layer, modified by alginate and chitosan via polyelectrolyte interaction, achieved colonic localization.

Construction of redox-sensitive liposomes modified by glycyrrhetinic acid and evaluation of anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity.

The aim of this study was to construct a bifunctional liposome with hepatic-targeting capacity by modifying with a targeting ligand and an intracellular tumor reduction response functional group to deliver drugs precisely to focal liver tissues and release them in large quantities in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. This could improve drug efficacy and reduce toxic side effects at the same time. First, the bifunctional ligand for liposome was successfully obtained by chemically synthesizing it from the hepatic-targeting glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) molecule, cystamine, and the membrane component cholesterol.

Oral delivery of curcumin via multi-bioresponsive polyvinyl alcohol and guar gum based double-membrane microgels for ulcerative colitis therapy.

Anti-inflammatory drugs for ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment should specifically penetrate and accumulate in the colon tissue. Herein, a multi-bioresponsive anti-inflammatory drug (curcumin, CUR)-loaded heterogeneous double-membrane microgels (CUR@microgels) for oral administration was fabricated in this study, in which the inner core was derived from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and guar gum (GG) and the outer gel was decoration with alginate and chitosan by polyelectrolyte interactions. The structure and morphology of microgels were characterized.