Spatial and seasonal distribution, sources, and health risks of PM loaded per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in a typical megacity.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), a class of ubiquitous and emerging environmental pollutants, have garnered considerable attention due to the scarcity of knowledge regarding their atmospheric sources and the associated human health risks from aerosol exposure. This study investigated the spatial-temporal distribution and potential sources of PFASs in Nanjing city of eastern China by collecting 66 PM samples from industrial, urban, and rural areas between July 2022 and August 2023. Employing ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), 21 distinct PFASs were detected with concentrations ranging from 9.

A transcription factor-mediated regulatory network controls fungal pathogen colonization of insect body cavities.

Successful host tissue colonization is crucial for fungal pathogens to cause mycosis and complete the infection cycle, in which fungal cells undergo a series of morphological transition-included cellular events to combat with hosts. However, many transcription factors (TFs) and their mediated networks regulating fungal pathogen colonization of host tissue are not well characterized. Here, a TF (BbHCR1)-mediated regulatory network was identified in an insect pathogenic fungus, , that controlled insect hemocoel colonization.

Effects of micro-nano plastics on the environmental biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen: A comprehensive review.

Micro-nano plastics (MNPs; size <5 mm), ubiquitous and emerging pollutants, accumulated in the natural environment through various sources, and are likely to interact with nutrients, thereby influencing their biogeochemical cycle. Increasing scientific evidences reveal that MNPs can affect nitrogen (N) cycle processes by affecting biotopes and organisms in the environmental matrix and MNPs biofilms, thus plays a crucial role in nitrous oxide (NO) and ammonia (NH) emission. Yet, the mechanism and key processes behind this have not been systematically reviewed in natural environments.

Comparative in vitro toxicological effects of water-soluble and insoluble components of atmospheric PM on human lung cells.

Fine particulates in city air significantly impact human health, but the hazardous compositional mechanisms are still unclear. Besides the toxicity of environmental PM to in vitro human lung epithelial cells (A549), the independent cytotoxicity of PM-bound water-soluble (WS-PM) and water-insoluble (WIS-PM) fractions were also compared by cell viability, oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species, ROS), and inflammatory injury (IL-6 and TNF-α). The cytotoxicity of PM varied significantly by sampling season and place, with degrees greater in winter and spring than in summer and autumn, related to corresponding trend of air PM level, and also higher in industrial than urban site, although their PM pollution levels were comparable.

Tetracycline and sulfadiazine toxicity in human liver cells Huh-7.

As typical antibiotics, tetracycline (TC) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) enter the human body through the food chain. Therefore, it is necessary to understand their individual and combined toxicity. In this study, the effects of TC, SDZ, and their mixture on cell viability, cell membrane damage, liver cell damage, and oxidative damage were evaluated in in vitro assays with human liver cells Huh-7.

Infant crying predicts real-time fluctuations in maternal mental health in ecologically valid home settings.

Exposure to infant crying is a well-established predictor of mothers' mental health. However, this association may reflect many potential mechanisms. Capturing dynamic fluctuations in mothers' states simultaneously with caregiving experiences is necessary to identify the real-time processes influencing mental health.

INFANT CRYING DETECTION IN REAL-WORLD ENVIRONMENTS.

Most existing cry detection models have been tested with data collected in controlled settings. Thus, the extent to which they generalize to noisy and lived environments is unclear. In this paper, we evaluate several established machine learning approaches including a model leveraging both deep spectrum and acoustic features.

Validating a model to detect infant crying from naturalistic audio.

Human infant crying evolved as a signal to elicit parental care and actively influences caregiving behaviors as well as infant-caregiver interactions. Automated cry detection algorithms have become more popular in recent decades, and while some models exist, they have not been evaluated thoroughly on daylong naturalistic audio recordings. Here, we validate a novel deep learning cry detection model by testing it in assessment scenarios important to developmental researchers.

Relationships between soil respiration and hyperspectral vegetation indexes and crop characteristics under different warming and straw application modes.

Examining the relationship between seasonal variations in soil respiration and abiotic factors and vegetation indexes is crucial for modeling soil respiration using upscaled remote sensing satellite data. A field experiment including control (CK), warming (WA), straw application (SA), and warming and straw application (WASA) treatments was performed in a winter wheat-soybean rotation cropland on the north shore of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Soil respiration, abiotic factors, crop hyperspectral vegetation indexes, leaf area index (LAI), and chlorophyll content (represented as the SPAD value) were measured during the 2018-2020 rotation growing seasons.

Degradation of phenanthrene and fluoranthene in a slurry bioreactor using free and Ca-alginate-immobilized Sphingomonas pseudosanguinis and Pseudomonas stutzeri bacteria.

Biodegradation studies of three- and four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (phenanthrene [PHE] and fluoranthene [FLU]) were conducted using free and Ca-alginate-immobilized Sphingomonas pseudosanguinis strain J1-q (S1) and Pseudomonas stutzeri strain (S2) in bench-scale sediment slurry reactors. In this study, the effects of sodium alginate (SA) dosage on the characteristics of immobilized bacterial beads were investigated. The results indicated a 3% alginate concentration was optimal for immobilizing bacteria for PHE and FLU degradation.

Automated Detection of Infant Holding Using Wearable Sensing: Implications for Developmental Science And Intervention.

Physical contact is critical for children's physical and emotional growth and well-being. Previous studies of physical contact are limited to relatively short periods of direct observation and self-report methods. These methods limit researchers' understanding of the natural variation in physical contact across families, and its specific impacts on child development.

Effect of Tenax addition amount and desorption time on desorption behaviour for bioavailability prediction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

In this work, Tenax consecutive extractions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were conducted in two spiked sediments to investigate the influence of different Tenax addition amounts and desorption times on the rapidly desorbing fraction of PAHs, and to determine a reliable method for estimating PAHs bioavailability. The results indicated that a large Tenax addition amount has a positive effect on the desorption of PAHs from sediments. The desorption amounts of target PAHs compounds (3-ring phenanthrene and 4-ring fluoranthene) increased as the Tenax: sediment ratios increased from 0.