Impact of Glycosylation on the Comparability of the Higher-Order Structures in Idursulfase by Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry.

Characterization of the higher-order structures in idursulfase (iduronate-2-sulfatase, I2S) has been accomplished through the use of hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). The method has over 97% sequence coverage, including seven of the eight glycosylation sites, and has been used to study the impact of glycosylation on backbone proton exchange. In addition, the method adapted a well-used biophysical spectra comparison method (similarity scoring) to define quantitative acceptance criteria for analytical comparability of different batches of drug substance as well as samples with modulated glycans.

Upconversion nanoparticle-mediated photodynamic therapy induces autophagy and cholesterol efflux of macrophage-derived foam cells via ROS generation.

Macrophage-derived foam cells are a major component of atherosclerotic plaques and have an important role in the progression of atherosclerotic plaques, thus posing a great threat to human health. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis. Here, we investigated the effect of PDT mediated by upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles encapsulating chlorin e6 (UCNPs-Ce6) on the cholesterol efflux of THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells and explored the possible mechanism of this effect.

Berberine-sonodynamic therapy induces autophagy and lipid unloading in macrophage.

Impaired autophagy in macrophages accompanies the progression of atherosclerosis and contributes to lipid loading in plaques and ineffective lipid degradation. Therefore, evoking autophagy and its associated cholesterol efflux may provide a therapeutic treatment for atherosclerosis. In the present study, berberine-mediated sonodynamic therapy (BBR-SDT) was used to induce autophagy and cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophages and derived foam cells.