[Differences of driving factors for carbon sink changes in different carbon pools of natural forests].

Carbon balance of the tree layer in natural forests is affected by three carbon pools: tree growth, morta-lity, and recruitment. However, the dynamics of the sink of each carbon pool and the driving factors are still unclear. To this end, we used stepwise regression method and structural equation model to assess the effects of biotic (stand and diversity) and abiotic (soil, topography and climate) factors on three dynamic processes of carbon sinks, namely, stand growth, recruitment and mortality, in the natural forests of , based on the data from the seventh and eighth national continuous forest inventory of the Greater Khingan Mountains.

Roles of vaporization and thermal decomposition in the dynamic evolution of laser-induced bubble on the surface of a submerged metal plate.

This paper aims to explain when the vaporization or thermal decomposition prevails during laser-induced bubble growth and how they influence bubble morphology. Bubbles were generated by irradiating a 304 stainless steel plate submerged in degassed water using millisecond lasers with a pulse width of 0.4 ms and powers of 1.

Mitochondrial Genomic Evidence of Selective Constraints in Small-Bodied Terrestrial Cetartiodactyla.

Body size may drive the molecular evolution of mitochondrial genes in response to changes in energy requirements across species of different sizes. In this study, we perform selection pressure analysis and phylogenetic independent contrasts (PIC) to investigate the association between molecular evolution of mitochondrial genome protein-coding genes (mtDNA PCGs) and body size in terrestrial Cetartiodactyla. Employing selection pressure analysis, we observe that the average non-synonymous/synonymous substitution rate ratio (ω) of mtDNA PCGs is significantly reduced in small-bodied species relative to their medium and large counterparts.

Cavity structure-based active controllable thermal switch for battery thermal management.

Batteries may degrade fast at extreme temperatures, posing a challenge in meeting the dual requirements of heat preservation at low temperatures and efficient cooling at high temperatures. To address this issue, we propose a cavity structure-based active controllable thermal switch. It has a potential switch ratio (SR) of approximately 300, with an experimental SR of 15.

Efficient and Controllable Preparation of Tridirectionally Anisotropic Sliding Surfaces Based on Spatial Light Modulator.

Realizing the efficient and controllable preparation of tridirectionally anisotropic sliding surfaces (TASSs) is extremely important. However, achieving efficient preparation of TASSs remains a great challenge. Using a spatial light modulator combined with an image feedback algorithm to adjust the femtosecond laser beam to multifocus array with a gradient intensity distribution is an efficient solution to achieve this target.

Mechanism of near-field optical nanopatterning on noble metal nano-films by a nanosecond laser irradiating a cantilevered scanning near-field optical microscopy probe.

To overcome the diffraction limit, a laser irradiating cantilevered scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) probe has been used in near-field optical nanopatterning. In this paper, the mechanism of nanopatterning on noble metal nano-films by this technique is investigated by the finite element method. It is proposed that the main mechanism of this phenomenon is the melt and reshaping of the nano-film under the SNOM tip.

High orientation consistency and adjustable convex width of laser-induced periodic surface structures using picosecond laser pulse trains.

High orientation consistency and adjustable convex width of the low-spatial-frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures (LSFLs), crucial to the functional surface characteristics, have remained elusive. This paper proposes a new method to fabricate LSFLs with high orientation consistency on the rough surface of titanium by combining laser polishing and laser induction with LSFLs with a tunable convex width via laser melting as the post-treatment. Picosecond pulses trained with a 50-ns interval are applied to regulate the thermal incubation effect and achieve laser polishing and laser nanoscale melting.

A chromosome-level genome assembly of the yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula).

The yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula) is a medium-sized carnivore that is widely distributed across much of Asia and occupies an extensive variety of habitats. We reported a high-quality genome assembly of this organism that was generated using Oxford Nanopore and Hi-C technologies. The final genome sequences contained 215 contigs with a total size of 2,449.

Comparative Analyses of the Fecal Microbiome of Five Wild Black-Billed Capercaillie () Flocks.

Black-billed capercaillie () was listed as a first-class state-protected animal because it was endangered in China (Category I). This study is the first to examine the diversity and composition of gut microbiome in the wild. We collected fecal samples from five black-billed capercaillie flock roosting sites (each 20 km apart) in one day.

Mechanism of nanostructure processing on Au and Ag nano-film by a nanosecond laser illuminating cantilevered scanning near-field optical microscopy tip.

Nanostructure processing by a laser illuminating cantilevered scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) tip is a novel technology that has received extensive attention from researchers. In this paper, theoretical investigations of the mechanism for nanostructure fabrication on Au and Ag nano-film by this technology are realized by the finite element method. The light field intensity and temperature distribution on Au and Ag surfaces at the near-field of the SNOM tip apex after illumination is simulated.

Fabrication of nanostructure on Au nano-film by nanosecond laser coupled with cantilevered scanning near-field optical microscopy probe.

Diffraction limit has been the constraint of the nanostructure fabrication. Because the scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) can work in the evanescent near-field region, its application in nano-processing has received extensive attention from researchers globally. In this paper, we combined nanosecond laser with cantilevered SNOM probe.

Thermal error modeling of machine tool based on dimensional error of machined parts in automatic production line.

Thermally induced error has proven to be the major source of machining error for the machine tool working in a non-temperature-controlled workshop. Current research on thermal error modeling and compensation is implemented based on the measured thermal deformation of machine tool, and the data is obtained referring to spindle idling rather than metal cutting condition, resulting in the disadvantages of the established model with low adaptability to varying conditions. In this paper, a modeling and compensation method based on the dimensional error of the machined parts is proposed to address the issue and verified through machine tools in an automatic production line.

Convergent evolution of the gut microbiome in marine carnivores.

The gut microbiome can help the host adapt to a variety of environments and is affected by many factors. Marine carnivores have unique habitats in extreme environments. The question of whether marine habitats surpass phylogeny to drive the convergent evolution of the gut microbiome in marine carnivores remains unanswered.

Field Programmable Gate Array Based Torque Predictive Control for Permanent Magnet Servo Motors.

With the increasing demand for legged robots, the importance of the joint drive is increasing. The dynamic performance of the inner-most torque/current control loop conditions the capabilities of the whole joint system. In this paper, a direct torque control based on a prediction model is proposed.

Adaptability and Evolution of Gobiidae: A Genetic Exploration.

The Gobiidae family occupy one of the most diverse habitat ranges of all fishes. One key reason for their successful colonization of different habitats is their ability to adapt to different energy demands. This energy requirement is related to the ability of mitochondria in cells to generate energy via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).

Advanced mechanism of multiphysics fields tip enhancement induced with varied laser power to fabricate pattern-transformable subdiffraction limit nanostructures.

The nanofabrication platform was carried out using an atomic force microscope (AFM) system and a continuous wave (cw) laser to investigate the influence of laser power on the underlying mechanism of nanostructures fabricated by multiphysics fields tip enhancement (MFTE) induced by a cw laser irradiating the AFM probe tip. The nanostructure fabrication of nanopits and grooves and nanodots and lines on a polymethyl methacrylate thin film was conducted in an ambient environment by changing the incident laser power. The dependence of the MFTE on laser power was numerically analyzed, too.

Realization of Force Detection and Feedback Control for Slave Manipulator of Master/Slave Surgical Robot.

Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has received increasing attention, both in the academic field and clinical operation. Master/slave control is the most widely adopted manipulation mode for surgical robots. Thus, sensing the force of the surgical instruments located at the end of the slave manipulator through the main manipulator is critical to the operation.

Targeted Nanoscale 3D Thermal Imaging of Tumor Cell Surface with Functionalized Quantum Dots.

Measuring the changes in tumor cell surface temperature can provide insights into cellular metabolism and pathological features, which is significant for targeted chemotherapy and hyperthermic therapy. However, conventional micro-nano scale methods are invasive and can only measure the temperature of cells across a single plane, which excludes specific organelles. In this study, fluorescence quantum dots (QDs) are functionalized with the membrane transport protein transferrin (Tf) as a thermo-sensor specific for tumor cell membrane.

Fabrication of PCD Skiving Cutter by UV Nanosecond Laser.

Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) skiving cutter has dominated research in recent years. However, the traditional methods of fabrication have failed to cut the diamond with high quality. We propose the two-step laser machining process combining roughing machining with orthogonal irradiation and finishing machining with tangential irradiation.

Optimization of Trepanning Patterns for Holes Ablated Using Nanosecond Pulse Laser in AlO Ceramics Substrate.

Trepanning pattern is an important factor in laser hole machining, affecting both the hole quality and process efficiency. The influence of laser trepanning patterns on the hole ablating using nanosecond pulse laser in AlO ceramics substrate was studied. Two laser trepanning patterns were evaluated, filled spiral trepanning and multiple rings trepanning, with the optimized laser machining parameters.

Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of Micro and Nano-Structures on CIGS/ITO Bilayer Films for Thin-Film Solar Cells.

Cu(In, Ga)Se (CIGS) thin films have attracted considerable interest as potential photovoltaic solar cells. Moreover, several current studies are focusing on improving their conversion efficiency. This study proposes a method to process micro- and nanostructures onto the surface of CIGS/ITO bilayer films to broaden the field of solar cell application.