New Frontiers in phosphorothioate formation: harnessing inorganic phosphorus sources.

Organic phosphorothioates are a class of organic compounds containing the C-S-P structural motif, known for their unique physical and chemical properties. These compounds hold significant value in various fields, including agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and materials science, particularly playing a crucial role in agrochemicals and nucleotide modification. Traditionally, phosphorothioates have been synthesized primarily through the formation of P-S bonds or direct phosphorothioation reactions from organic phosphorus sources such as P(O)H and P(O)SH.

Actin-nucleation promoting factor N-WASP influences alpha-synuclein condensates and pathology.

Abnormal intraneuronal accumulation of soluble and insoluble α-synuclein (α-Syn) is one of the main pathological hallmarks of synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been well documented that the reversible liquid-liquid phase separation of α-Syn can modulate synaptic vesicle condensates at the presynaptic terminals. However, α-Syn can also form liquid-like droplets that may convert into amyloid-enriched hydrogels or fibrillar polymorphs under stressful conditions.

Structuring electronic dental records through deep learning for a clinical decision support system.

Extracting information from unstructured clinical text is a fundamental and challenging task in medical informatics. Our study aims to construct a natural language processing (NLP) workflow to extract information from Chinese electronic dental records (EDRs) for clinical decision support systems (CDSSs). We extracted attributes, attribute values, and tooth positions based on an existing ontology from EDRs.

Hydrogel-based microbeads for Raman-encoded suspension array using the reversed-phase suspension polymerization method and ultraviolet light curing.

A one-step synthesis using the reversed-phase suspension polymerization method and ultraviolet light curing is proposed for preparing the Raman-encoded suspension array (SA). The encoded microcarriers are prepared by doping the Raman reporter molecules into an aqueous phase, and then dispersing the aqueous phase in an oil phase and curing by ultraviolet light irradiation. The multiplexed biomolecule detection and various concentration experiments confirm the qualitative and quantitative analysis capabilities of the Raman-encoded SA with a limit of detection of 52.

Detection of Macromolecular Content in a Mixed Solution of Protein Macromolecules and Small Molecules Using a Weak Measurement Linear Differential System.

In this paper, we propose a linear differential detection system based on a frequency domain weak measurement. The system can be used for detecting optical substances. Moreover, we completed an experiment to detect himan serum albumin (HSA) content in a mixture of human serum albumin and l-proline via dialysis.

Gold-nanorod-enhanced Raman spectroscopy encoded micro-quartz pieces for the multiplex detection of biomolecules.

The rapid analysis and detection of biomolecules has become increasingly important in biological research. Hence, here we propose a novel suspension array method that is based on gold nanorod (AuNR)-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and uses micro-quartz pieces (MQPs) as microcarriers. AuNRs and Raman reporter molecules are coupled together by Au-S bonds to obtain surface-enhanced Raman scattering labels (SERS labels).

Fast and accurate decoding of Raman spectra-encoded suspension arrays using deep learning.

A deep learning network called "residual neural network" (ResNet) was used to decode Raman spectra-encoded suspension arrays (SAs). With narrow bandwidths and stable signals, Raman spectra have ideal encoding properties. The different Raman reporter molecules assembled micro-quartz pieces (MQPs) were grafted with various biomolecule probes, which enabled simultaneous detection of numerous target analytes in a single sample.

Ion-chelation based digital barcodes for multiplexing of a suspension array.

Ion-chelated microbeads (ICMs) for suspension arrays can be prepared by chelating metal ions (MIs), which are used as encoding materials. Stimulating the ICMs, laser induced breakdown spectra (LIBs) can be obtained and the atomic spectra of the chelated ions are chosen as the decoding signals. Our ICMs show digital characteristics with high stability due to the properties of LIBs.

A Differential Detection Method Based on a Linear Weak Measurement System.

Self-reference detection is necessary and important to a biosensor. The linear weak measurement system based on total internal reflection has attracted widespread attention due to its high stability, label-free detection, and easy integration. In this paper, we propose a differential detection method based on the linear total internal reflection weak measurement system.

An approach for medical event detection in Chinese clinical notes of electronic health records.

Background: Medical event detection in narrative clinical notes of electronic health records (EHRs) is a task designed for reading text and extracting information. Most of the previous work of medical event detection treats the task as extracting concepts at word granularity, which omits the overall structural information of the clinical notes. In this work, we treat each clinical note as a sequence of short sentences and propose an end-to-end deep neural network framework.

Dual-wavelength digital holographic phase and fluorescence microscopy combining with Raman spectroscopy for micro-quartz pieces-based dual-channel encoded suspension array.

Dual-wavelength digital holographic phase and fluorescence microscopy (DW-DHPFM), combining with Raman spectroscopy, is designed to achieve the detection and analysis of biomolecules with a new dual-channel encoding method. This employs the Raman reporter molecules assembled micro-quartz pieces (MQPs) as microcarriers of suspension array (SA). The dual-wavelength digital holographic phase microscopy (DW-DHPM) and Raman spectroscopy are served as the decoding platforms, and the fluorescence microscopy is used to quantify target analytes.

Spectral-optical-tweezer-assisted fluorescence multiplexing system for QDs-encoded bead-array bioassay.

As an efficient tool in the multiplexed detection of biomolecules, bead-array could achieve separation-free detection to multiple targets, making it suitable to analyze valuable and scarce samples like antigen and antibody from living organism. Herein, we propose a spectral-optical-tweezer-assisted fluorescence multiplexing system to analyze biomolecule-conjugated bead-array. Using optical tweezer, we trapped and locked beads at the focus to accept stimulation, offering a stable and optimized analysis condition.

Optimization of a quantum weak measurement system with digital filtering technology.

In this paper, we propose a post-Gaussian filtering theory for weak measurement in the frequency domain, and propose a highly deformed digital filtering technique that can be used to optimize sensors based on weak-frequency measurement techniques. We completed the experimental verification based on the weak measurement total internal reflection sensor. The experimental results show that digital filtering technology can optimize the system in the working range, sensitivity, and resolution of the frequency domain weak measurement system, so that it can reach 0.

Rapid Separation of Enantiomeric Impurities in Chiral Molecules by a Self-Referential Weak Measurement System.

We propose a self-referential fast detection scheme for a frequency domain weak measurement system for the detection of enantiomeric impurities in chiral molecules. In a transmissive weak measurement system, the optical rotation (OR) is used to modify the pre-selected polarization state and the post-selection polarization state. We obtained the sum and difference of the optical rotations produced by the sample and the standard by rotating the quarter wave plate in the system.

Ubiquitin Carboxyl Terminal Hydrolase L1 Attenuates TNF-α-Mediated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration Through Suppression of NF-κB Activation.

Ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is one of the deubiquitinating enzymes in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. It has been shown that UCH-L1 could markedly decrease neointima formation through suppressing vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation in the balloon-injured rat carotid. However, whether UCH-L1 plays roles in VSMC migration remains to be determined.

Protective effect and mechanism of rat recombinant S100 calcium-binding protein A4 on oxidative stress injury of rat vascular endothelial cells.

The aim of the present study was to examine the protective effects and mechanisms of S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) on endothelial cell apoptosis induced by oxidative stress injury. Endothelial cells were cultured and divided into control and oxidative stress injury groups, with the latter state induced by HO. Endothelial cells in every group were incubated with or without 50 or 100 µM S100A4.

Functional expression, characterization, and application of human S100B.

The EF-hand calcium-binding protein S100B presents a wide range of biological activities and functions. This binding protein is involved in various human diseases, including cancer, brain trauma and ischemia, neuro-degenerative disease (Alzheimer's disease), and psychiatric disorders. In this study, we prepared human S100B protein and its monoclonal antibodies.

[Establishment and evaluation of oxidative stress injury model of in vitro rat aortic endothelial cells].

Objective: To establish a model of oxidative stress injury in cultured rat aortic endothelial cells, and to provide a basis for the research of cell injury and apoptosis.

Methods: The rats were decapitated to get the aorta in thoracic operation under aseptic conditions. By subculture after tissue block culture method to get sufficient aortic endothelial cells, cultured in 96-well plates or grow on cover glass for the following test.

[Protective effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor on stress-induced myocardial injury in rats].

Objective: To observe the protective effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor on stress-induced myocardial injury.

Methods: Healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups( n = 6), and the stress-induced myocardial injury model was established with chronic restraint stress method. The protective effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor on stress-induced myocardial injury were observed with Trichostatin A (TSA) intervention.

Functional expression, characterization and application of the human S100A4 protein.

Preparations utilizing monoclonal antibodies against S100A4 provide useful tools for functional studies to investigate the clinical applications of the human S100A4 protein. In the present study, human S100A4 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 (DE3), successfully purified by diethylaminoethyl cellulose anion-exchange chromatography and identified by western blot analysis.