Transcriptional profiling of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients provides insights into mechanisms of control and elimination.

Household contacts (HHCs) of patients with active tuberculosis (ATB) are at higher risk of () infection. However, the immune factors responsible for different defense responses in HHCs are unknown. Hence, we aimed to evaluate transcriptome signatures in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HHCs to aid risk stratification.

Observation on the Effect of Sequentially Combined Multi-modal Artificial Liver Treatment on HBV-related Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure.

Objective: To observe the short-term effect of sequentially combined multimodal artificial liver treatment (SCMALT) on HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).

Methods: HBV-ACLF patients 155 cases undergoing artificial liver treatment were analyzed, and they were sorted into the SCMALT group and the conventional-modal artificial liver treatment (CALT) group. The clinical data of all patients were recorded and the serum levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), chemokine interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected.

Antithrombin III activity is associated with prognosis, infection, and inflammation in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Objective: Patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) are characterized by severe liver function impairment, coagulation disorder, and multiple organ function impairment. The aim of this study was to explore the predictive value of antithrombin Ⅲ activity to the prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients.

Methods: A total of 186 HBV-ACLF patients were included in the analysis, and the baseline clinical data of patients were recorded to analyze the risk factors affecting the 30-day survival outcome of patients.

[The predictive value of liver failure-related etiology for clinical outcomes].

Objective: To assess the predictors of outcomes for different subtypes of liver failure, and the effectiveness of artificial liver support systems in the treatment of liver failure.

Methods: The clinical data of 112 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)- and non-HBV-related liver failure admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi were collected from January to December 2020. The relevant etiologies of acute, subacute, acute-on-chronic, subacute-on-chronic, chronic subtype liver failure were analyzed.

Case Report: Viral Pneumonia Could Prompt the Advancement of Immune-Mediated Liver Disease.

The impact of the influenza A (H1N1) and SARS-CoV-2 virus on the development of autoimmune hepatitis has not been described previously. In this case series, we evaluated the dynamic changes in liver function of three patients with autoimmune hepatitis who presented with viral infection (two with the H1N1 and one with the SARS-CoV-2 virus) during the recent COVID-19 outbreak. Patient 1 was a 68-year-old woman with a history of hepatitis of unknown origin before being infected with the H1N1 virus.

Stronger enhancer II/core promoter activities of hepatitis B virus isolates of B2 subgenotype than those of C2 subgenotype.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C causes prolonged chronic infection and increased risk for liver cancer than genotype B. Our previous work revealed lower replication capacity of wild-type genotype C2 than B2 isolates. HBV DNA replication is driven by pregenomic RNA, which is controlled by core promoter (CP) and further augmented by enhancer I (ENI) and enhancer II (ENII).