Improving biosensor accuracy and speed using dynamic signal change and theory-guided deep learning.

False results and time delay are longstanding challenges in biosensing. While classification models and deep learning may provide new opportunities for improving biosensor performance, such as measurement confidence and speed, it remains a challenge to ensure that predictions are explainable and consistent with domain knowledge. Here, we show that consistency of deep learning classification model predictions with domain knowledge in biosensing can be achieved by cost function supervision and enables rapid and accurate biosensing using the biosensor dynamic response.

Reduction of Biosensor False Responses and Time Delay Using Dynamic Response and Theory-Guided Machine Learning.

Here, we provide a new methodology for reducing false results and time delay of biosensors, which are barriers to industrial, healthcare, military, and consumer applications. We show that integrating machine learning with domain knowledge in biosensing can complement and improve the biosensor accuracy and speed relative to the performance achieved by traditional regression analysis of a standard curve based on the biosensor steady-state response. The methodology was validated by rapid and accurate quantification of microRNA across the nanomolar to femtomolar range using the dynamic response of cantilever biosensors.

Collaborative deep learning improves disease-related circRNA prediction based on multi-source functional information.

Emerging studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in a variety of biological processes and play a key role in disease diagnosing, treating and inferring. Although many methods, including traditional machine learning and deep learning, have been developed to predict associations between circRNAs and diseases, the biological function of circRNAs has not been fully exploited. Some methods have explored disease-related circRNAs based on different views, but how to efficiently use the multi-view data about circRNA is still not well studied.

Dual-Fluorophore and Dual-Site Multifunctional Fluorescence Sensor for Visualizing the Metabolic Process of GHS to SO and the SO Toxicological Mechanism by Two-Photon Imaging.

As a momentous gas signal molecule, sulfur dioxide (SO) participates in diverse physiological activities. Excess SO will cause an apparent decrease in the level of intracellular glutathione (GSH), thereby damaging the body's antioxidant defense system. In addition, endogenous SO can be generated from GSH by reacting with thiosulfate (SO) and enzymatically reduced to cysteine (Cys), a synthetic precursor of GSH.

Dual-targetable fluorescent probe for mapping the fluctuation of peroxynitrite in drug-induced liver injury model.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the most common and serious adverse drug reactions which can cause acute liver failure or even death in severe cases. With the incidence rate increasing over the years, DILI has became a frequent clinical liver disease and a global public health problem. As a biomarker of DILI, the detection of peroxynitrite (ONOO) has became a powerful tool for the early diagnosis of liver injury.

Dual-Site Fluorescent Sensor as a Multiple Logic System for Studying the Dichotomous Function of Sulfur Dioxide under Oxidative Stress Induced by Peroxynitrite.

Intracellular reactive oxygen species and reactive sulfur play a vital role in regulating redox homeostasis and maintaining cell functions. Sulfur dioxide (SO) has emerged as an important gas signal molecule recently, which is not only a potential reducing agent but also a potential inductor of oxidative stress in organisms. Due to high reactivity, peroxynitrite (ONOO) could act on many biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and cause irreversible damage, eventually leading to cell apoptosis or necrosis.

Fluorescence distinguishing of SO derivatives and Cys/GSH from multi-channel signal patterns and visual sensing based on smartphone in living cells and environment.

Sulfur dioxide (SO), cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH), which perform crucial actions in regulating the balance of human, are closely related reactive sulfur species (RSS). Moreover, SO is one of the most concerned air pollutants, which is easily soluble in water and forms its derivatives. Therefore, it is highly desirable to differentiate SO derivatives and Cys/GSH in living cells and environment.

A multifunctional fluorescent probe for visualizing HS in wastewater with portable smartphone via fluorescent paper strip and sensing GSH in vivo.

In this paper, a bifunctional tri-site fluorescent probe was designed for the first time not only for visualization and quantitative analysis of sensing HS in wastewater by coupling paper strip and smartphone (Color recognizer, Xiyi Technology) but also for sensitively monitoring GSH in living cells, which relied on different emission channels and the pH of solutions. The recognition properties of GH towards HS/GSH were satisfactorily demonstrated through fluorescence, UV-vis, H NMR and DFT calculations. More importantly, integrated with the paper strip, portable smartphone-sensing platform with a color recognizer app would accomplish cost-effective and rapid assays for colorimetric water quality testing, which displayed huge application potential in fields of environmental monitoring.

A simple highly selective probe for discriminative visualization of endogenous cysteine, homocysteine and glutathione in living cells via three separated fluorescence channels.

Biothiols, as basic biological reactive sulfur species, perform vital actions in many critical physiological processes. Simultaneous detection and direct visualization of intracellular biothiols has great significance to figure out their metabolic mechanisms and cellular functions in living organism. However, it is an enormous challenge to selectively sense biothiols, troubled by their similar chemical structures and properties.

An ultrasensitive and visible lighting-up probe for imaging thiophenols in water samples, in serum and visualizing thiophenols-induced oxidative stress process in live cells.

Thiophenols, a class of significant industrial materials, are extremely toxic in environmental as well live cells. However, the process of live cells responding to thiophenols is not well understood. Herein, an innovative "OFF-ON" probe FY for thiophenols selectively in 100% aqueous solution was reported.

Three isostructural Eu/Tb co-doped MOFs for wide-range ratiometric temperature sensing.

Temperature is an important physical parameter in the fields of human life, scientific research and industrial applications, which requires accurate measurements in physiology and pathology. The fast, accurate, non-invasive and non-touch detection of temperature is one of the most important research findings of lanthanide MOFs (LnMOFs). Herein, three dual-emitting LnMOFs hybrids TbEuL (x = 0.

Light-driven visualization of endogenous cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione using a near-infrared fluorescent probe.

Herein, we presented a hydrosoluble triple-site and triple-excitation alternative NIR fluorescent probe for visualization of endogenous biothiols in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4, 10 mM). Upon irradiation using different excitation light, probe 1 exhibited different fluorescence responses upon the addition of Cys, Hcy, and GSH: λex = 419 nm, λem = 498 nm; λex = 518 nm, λem = 573, 616, 727, and 783 nm; λex = 555 nm, λem = 612 and 727 nm, respectively.

Mito-Specific Ratiometric Terbium(III)-Complex-Based Luminescent Probe for Accurate Detection of Endogenous Peroxynitrite by Time-Resolved Luminescence Assay.

The level of peroxynitrite (ONOO) is closely related to the pathogenesis of a series of diseases. Hence, the accurate sensing of ONOO is very important for a better understanding of its biological functions. Here, a time-resolved ratiometric nanoprobe (TD-DC) composed of an energy donor unit (Tb(DPA), where DPA signifies a dipicolinate dianion ligand) and an energy receptor unit (DC) was designed.

Highly specific monitoring and imaging of endogenous and exogenous cysteine in living cells.

Cys is one of the important biothiols and its abnormal concentration may pose a threat to human health. Therefore, the monitoring of Cys in organisms is of great significance. GSH and Hcy, as the other two biothiols, have similar chemical structures and active sites to Cys.

A coumarin-based colorimetric fluorescent probe for rapid response and highly sensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide in living cells.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) plays a vital role in numerous biological processes in living organisms. To better understand its functions, a fluorescent probe to fast and sensitively detect HS is imminently needed. Keep this in mind, we reasonably designed probe DHC for detecting HS based on α, β-unsaturated ethanoylcoumarin fluorophore.

Dual-Site and Dual-Excitation Fluorescent Probe That Can Be Tuned for Discriminative Detection of Cysteine, Homocystein, and Thiophenols.

Thiols play a vital role in both the physiological process and organic synthesis field, including aliphatic thiols (e.g., Cys, Hcy, and GSH) and thiophenols.

A family of mixed-lanthanide metal-organic framework thermometers in a wide temperature range.

By choosing 2-pyridin-4-yl-4,5-imidazoledicarboxylic acid (H3PIDC) as the first ligand and sodium oxalate (OX) as the ancillary ligand, a series of mixed-lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (M'LnMOFs) [Tb1-xEux(HPIDC)(ox)1/2H2O]·3H2O (x = 0 1, 0.01 2a, 0.03 2b, 0.

A multifunctional and recyclable terbium(iii) coordination polymer: displaying highly selective and sensitive detection of Fe and Cr anions, and picric acid in aqueous media.

A new two-dimensional (2D) terbium(iii) coordination polymer (1) was successfully fabricated by a solvothermal reaction. Luminescence spectra measurements show that 1 can selectively and sensitively detect Fe3+, CrVI (CrO42-/Cr2O72-), and picric acid (PA) in aqueous solution. The limits of detection (LODs) of 1 toward Fe3+, CrVI, and PA are calculated to be 50, 100, and 50 nM, which are significantly lower than the U.

Coherence times of precise depth controlled NV centers in diamond.

We investigated the depth dependence of coherence times of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers through precise depth control using oxidative etching at 580 °C in air. By successive nanoscale etching, NV centers could be brought close to the diamond surface step by step, which enabled us to track the evolution of the number of NV centers remaining in the chip and to study the depth dependence of coherence times of NV centers with diamond etching. Our results showed that the coherence times of NV centers declined rapidly with the depth reduction in the last about 22 nm before they finally disappeared, which revealed a critical depth for the influence of a rapid fluctuating surface spin bath.