Pepper root exudate alleviates cucumber root-knot nematode infection by recruiting a rhizobacterium.

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) have garnered significant attention from researchers owing to the substantial damage they cause to crops and their worldwide distribution. However, controlling these nematodes is challenging because a limited number of chemical pesticides and biocontrol agents are effective against them.

Plants interfere with non-self recognition of a phytopathogenic fungus via proline accumulation to facilitate mycovirus transmission.

Non-self recognition is a fundamental aspect of life, serving as a crucial mechanism for mitigating proliferation of molecular parasites within fungal populations. However, studies investigating the potential interference of plants with fungal non-self recognition mechanisms are limited. Here, we demonstrate a pronounced increase in the efficiency of horizontal mycovirus transmission between vegetatively incompatible Sclerotinia sclerotiorum strains in planta as compared to in vitro.

The schizotrophic lifestyle of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a cosmopolitan and typical necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus that infects hundreds of plant species. Because no cultivars highly resistant to S. sclerotiorum are available, managing Sclerotinia disease caused by S.

Brown planthopper infestation on rice reduces plant susceptibility to Meloidogyne graminicola by reducing root sugar allocation.

Plants are simultaneously attacked by different pests that rely on sugars uptake from plants. An understanding of the role of plant sugar allocation in these multipartite interactions is limited. Here, we characterized the expression patterns of sucrose transporter genes and evaluated the impact of targeted transporter gene mutants and brown planthopper (BPH) phloem-feeding and oviposition on root sugar allocation and BPH-reduced rice susceptibility to Meloidogyne graminicola.

The chromosome-scale reference genome and transcriptome analysis of provides insights into resistance to root-knot nematodes.

(Swartz) (2n = 24) is a wild Solanaceae plant with high economic value that is used as a rootstock in grafting for Solanaceae plants to improve the resistance to a soil-borne disease caused by root-knot nematodes (RKNs). However, the lack of a high-quality reference genome of . hinders research on the genetic basis for disease resistance and application in horticulture.

Discovery and Characterization of Putative Glycoprotein-Encoding Mycoviruses in the .

Although segmented negative-sense RNA viruses (SNSRVs) have been frequently discovered in various fungi, most SNSRVs reported only the large segments. In this study, we investigated the diversity of the mycoviruses in the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium asiaticum using the metatranscriptomic technique. We identified 17 fungal single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses including nine viruses within , one each in , , , , and Narliviridae, two in , and one trisegmented virus temporarily named Fusarium asiaticum mycobunyavirus 1 (FaMBV1).

Morphological characterization reveals new insights into giant cell development of Meloidogyne graminicola on rice.

Three types of nematode-feeding sites (NFSs) caused by M. graminicola on rice were suggested, and the NFS polarized expansion stops before the full NFS maturation that occurs at adult female stage. Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp.

Early Secretory Pathway-Associated Proteins SsEmp24 and SsErv25 Are Involved in Morphogenesis and Pathogenicity in a Filamentous Phytopathogenic Fungus.

Proper protein secretion is critical for fungal development and pathogenesis. However, the potential roles of proteins involved in the early secretory pathway are largely undescribed in filamentous fungi. p24 proteins are cargo receptors that cycle between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus in the early secretory pathway and recruit cargo proteins to nascent vesicles.

Cyclophilin acts as a ribosome biogenesis factor by chaperoning the ribosomal protein (PlRPS15) in filamentous fungi.

The rapid transport of ribosomal proteins (RPs) into the nucleus and their efficient assembly into pre-ribosomal particles are prerequisites for ribosome biogenesis. Proteins that act as dedicated chaperones for RPs to maintain their stability and facilitate their assembly have not been identified in filamentous fungi. PlCYP5 is a nuclear cyclophilin in the nematophagous fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum, whose expression is up-regulated during abiotic stress and nematode egg-parasitism.

Analysis of Soluble Sugar Content in Minute Quantities of Rice Tissues by GC-MS.

Soluble sugars play key roles in plant growth, development, and adaption to the environment. Characterizing sugar content profiling of plant tissues promotes our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these plant processes. Several technologies have been developed to quantitate soluble sugar content in plant tissues; however, it is difficult with only minute quantities of plant tissues available.

Correction: Dihydroxyacetone of wheat root exudates serves as an attractant for Heterodera avenae.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Transcriptome Analysis of Eggplant Root in Response to Root-Knot Nematode Infection.

Eggplant ( L.), which belongs to the Solanaceae family, is an important vegetable crop. However, its production is severely threatened by root-knot nematodes (RKNs) in many countries.

Divergent RNA viruses in exhibit potential as virocontrol agents.

is an important necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus and cause extensive damage in many oilseed crops. Twelve isolates with diverse biological phenotypes were selected for a high-throughput sequencing-based metatranscriptomic and bioinformatics analysis to identify viruses infecting . The analysis identified 40 partial or nearly complete viral genome segments, 31 of which were novel viruses.

Dihydroxyacetone of wheat root exudates serves as an attractant for Heterodera avenae.

Heterodera avenae, as an obligate endoparasite, causes severe yield loss in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Investigation on the mechanisms how H. avenae perceives wheat roots is limited.

Biological Control of Tomato Gray Mold Caused by with the Entomopathogenic Fungus .

Gray mold disease caused by is a devastating disease that leads to serious financial loss. In this study, the entomopathogenic fungus that acts against the gray mold pathogen was evaluated. produced a significant inhibition zone in front of the colony in the dual culture test.

Complete genome sequence of a novel victorivirus isolated from the sesame charcoal rot fungus Macrophomina phaseolina.

Macrophomina phaseolina is an important phytopathogenic fungus with a broad host range. Here, the complete genome sequence of a novel victorivirus, tentatively named Macrophomina phaseolina victorivirus 1 (MpV1), was identified from strain 2012-019 of M. phaseolina.

Discovery of Two Mycoviruses by High-Throughput Sequencing and Assembly of Mycovirus-Derived Small Silencing RNAs From a Hypovirulent Strain of .

, an important phytopathogenic fungus, harbors rich diversity of mycoviruses. Lately, more mycoviruses can be successfully and accurately discovered by deep sequencing, especially those that could not be detected by traditional double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) extraction. Previously, we reported that the hypovirulent strain SZ-150 is coinfected by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirus 1 (SsHV1) and its related satellite RNA.

A novel double-stranded RNA mycovirus that infects Macrophomina phaseolina.

Macrophomina phaseolina is a pathogenic fungus of the family Botryosphaeriaceae that causes stem rot or leaf blight in many economically important plants. Mycoviruses exist widely in fungi, but there are only a limited number of reports on mycovirus infection in M. phaseolina.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Cyclophilin Gene Family in the Nematophagous Fungus .

has been widely used as a commercial biocontrol agent for the control of plant parasitic nematodes. Whole genome analysis promotes the identification of functional genes and the exploration of their molecular mechanisms. The () gene family belongs to the immunophillin superfamily, and has a conserved cyclophilin-like domain (CLD).

Signaling mechanisms underlying systemic acquired resistance to microbial pathogens.

Plants respond to biotic stress by inducing a variety of responses, which not only protect against the immediate diseases but also provide immunity from future infections. One example is systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which provides long-lasting and broad-spectrum protection at the whole plant level. The induction of SAR prepares the plant for a more robust response to subsequent infections from related and unrelated pathogens.

Genome and Transcriptome Sequences Reveal the Specific Parasitism of the Nematophagous Purpureocillium lilacinum 36-1.

Purpureocillium lilacinum is a promising nematophagous ascomycete able to adapt diverse environments and it is also an opportunistic fungus that infects humans. A microbial inoculant of P. lilacinum has been registered to control plant parasitic nematodes.

A Novel Meloidogyne incognita Effector Misp12 Suppresses Plant Defense Response at Latter Stages of Nematode Parasitism.

Secreted effectors in plant root-knot nematodes (RKNs, or Meloidogyne spp.) play key roles in their parasite processes. Currently identified effectors mainly focus on the early stage of the nematode parasitism.