Low-Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries Achieved by Synergistically Enhanced Screening Li Desolvation Kinetics.

Lithium metal anode is desired by high capacity and low potential toward higher energy density than commercial graphite anode. However, the low-temperature Li metal batteries suffer from dendrite formation and dead Li resulting from uneven Li behaviors of flux with huge desolvation/diffusion barriers, thus leading to short lifespan and safety concern. Herein, differing from electrolyte engineering, a strategy of delocalizing electrons with generating rich active sites to regulate Li desolvation/diffusion behaviors are demonstrated via decorating polar chemical groups on porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).

Synergistic Improvement of BiI and In on Thermoelectric Properties of Zone-Melted -Type BiTeSe.

Bismuth telluride (BiTe) is the only commercial thermoelectric material so far, and it is also the best thermoelectric material with the best performance at room temperature. However, up to now, the value of -type materials used on a large scale is only about 1.0; this makes the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of thermoelectric devices and thermoelectric applications stagnant.

Ultrabright and stable top-emitting quantum-dot light-emitting diodes with negligible angular color shift.

Top emission can enhance luminance, color purity, and panel-manufacturing compatibility for emissive displays. Still, top-emitting quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) suffer from poor stability, low light outcoupling, and non-negligible viewing-angle dependence because, for QLEDs with non-red emission, the electrically optimum device structure is incompatible with single-mode optical microcavity. Here, we demonstrate that by improving the way of determining reflection penetration depths and creating refractive-index-lowering processes, the issues faced by green QLEDs can be overcome.

Luxury or normal goods? Evidence from the utilization of institutional care services for the disabled older adults in China.

Background: Nursing care is essential for older adults with disabilities. Income plays a crucial role in determining the utilization of institutional care services. Pension benefit, as the main source of income for the older adults in China's cities and towns in their later years, is an important factor influencing the utilization of institutional care services.

Synergy of Front-Surface Energy-Level Gradient and Lattice Anchoring Effect for Enhancing Perovskite Solar Cell Performance.

A front surface gradient of the absorber valence band can effectively reduce the open-circuit voltage (V) loss of perovskite solar cells by suppressing the minority carrier concentration near the front surface. However, the existing method is limited to the one-step fabrication process, resulting in underachieved photon harvesting and power conversion efficiency (PCE). To solve the problem, ZnCd-based alloy quantum dots (QDs) are utilized to create a valence-band-maximum gradient at the front surface of a two-step processed FAPbI absorber.

FGL2-targeting T cells exhibit antitumor effects on glioblastoma and recruit tumor-specific brain-resident memory T cells.

Although tissue-resident memory T (T) cells specific for previously encountered pathogens have been characterized, the induction and recruitment of brain T cells following immune therapy has not been observed in the context of glioblastoma. Here, we show that T cells expressing fibrinogen-like 2 (FGL2)-specific single-chain variable fragments (T-αFGL2) can induce tumor-specific CD8 T cells that prevent glioblastoma recurrence. These CD8 T cells display a highly expanded T cell receptor repertoire distinct from that found in peripheral tissue.

A microfluidics-based method for isolation and visualization of cells based on receptor-ligand interactions.

Receptor-ligand binding has been analyzed at the protein level using isothermal titration calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance and at the cellular level using interaction-associated downstream gene induction/suppression. However, no currently available technique can characterize this interaction directly through visualization. In addition, all available assays require a large pool of cells; no assay capable of analyzing receptor-ligand interactions at the single-cell level is publicly available.

Membrane-Anchored and Tumor-Targeted IL12 (attIL12)-PBMC Therapy for Osteosarcoma.

Purpose: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown great promise for treating hematologic malignancies but requires a long duration of T-cell expansion, is associated with severe toxicity, and has limited efficacy for treating solid tumors. We designed experiments to address those challenges.

Experimental Design: We generated a cell membrane-anchored and tumor-targeted IL12 (attIL12) to arm peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) instead of T cells to omit the expansion phase for required CAR T cells.

Cell membrane-anchored and tumor-targeted IL-12 (attIL12)-T cell therapy for eliminating large and heterogeneous solid tumors.

Background: Adoptive T-cell transfer has become an attractive therapeutic approach for hematological malignancies but shows poor activity against large and heterogeneous solid tumors. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) exhibits potent antitumor efficacy against solid tumors, but its clinical application has been stalled because of toxicity. Here, we aimed to develop a safe approach to IL-12 T-cell therapy for eliminating large solid tumors.

WSX1 act as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating neoplastic PD-L1 expression.

WSX1, a receptor subunit for IL-27, is widely expressed in immune cells and closely involved in immune response, but its function in nonimmune cells remains unknown. Here we report that WSX1 is highly expressed in human hepatocytes but downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Using NRAS/AKT-derived spontaneous HCC mouse models, we reveal an IL-27-independent tumor-suppressive effect of WSX1 that largely relies on CD8 T-cell immune surveillance via reducing neoplastic PD-L1 expression and the associated CD8 T-cell exhaustion.

FGL2-wired macrophages secrete CXCL7 to regulate the stem-like functionality of glioma cells.

Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are thought to underlie glioma initiation, evolution, resistance to therapies, and relapse. They are defined by their capacity to initiate glioma in immunocompromised mice which precludes analysis of their interaction with immune cells. Macrophages dominate the immune cell composition in glioma.

Regulation of tumor immune suppression and cancer cell survival by CXCL1/2 elevation in glioblastoma multiforme.

The invasiveness and high immune suppression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) produce poor survival of afflicted patients. Unfortunately, in the past decades, no therapeutic approach has remarkably improved the survival time of patients with GBM. Our analysis of the TCGA database and brain tumor tissue arrays indicated that and overexpression is closely associated with GBM's aggressiveness.

Lysine acetylation of NKG2D ligand Rae-1 stabilizes the protein and sensitizes tumor cells to NKG2D immune surveillance.

Shedding, loss of expression, or internalization of natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligands from the tumor cell surface leads to immune evasion, which is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer. In many cancers, matrix metalloproteinases cause the proteolytic shedding of NKG2D ligands. However, it remained unclear how to protect NKG2D ligands from shedding.

Induction of NKG2D ligand expression on tumor cells by CD8 T-cell engagement-mediated activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and p300/CBP-associated factor.

The ligands for the natural killer group 2 (NKG2D) protein render tumor cells susceptible to NKG2D-dependent immune cell attack. However, cancer cells escape from immune surveillance by downregulating NKG2D ligands. We previously discovered that engagement of activated CD8 T cells and tumor cells induces NKG2D ligands on tumor cells, but the underlying mechanism remains to be defined.

Tumor-targeted IL-12 combined with tumor resection yields a survival-favorable immune profile.

Background: Although accumulated evidence provides a strong scientific premise for using immune profiles to predict survival in patients with cancer, a universal immune profile across tumor types is still lacking, and how to achieve a survival-associated immune profile remains to be evaluated.

Methods: We analyzed datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas to identify an immune profile associated with prolonged overall survival in multiple tumor types and tested the efficacy of tumor cell-surface vimentin-targeted interleukin 12 (ttIL-12) in inducing that immune profile and prolonging survival in both mouse and patient-derived xenograft tumor models.

Results: We identified an immune profile (IFNγCD8FOXP3CD33) associated with prolonged overall survival across several human tumor types.

Author Correction: FGL2 promotes tumor progression in the CNS by suppressing CD103 dendritic cell differentiation.

The original version of this Article contained errors in the author affiliations. Qingnan Zhao, Xueqing Xia, Longfei Huo and Shulin Li were incorrectly associated with Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 100069, Beijing, China.This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

FGL2 promotes tumor progression in the CNS by suppressing CD103 dendritic cell differentiation.

Few studies implicate immunoregulatory gene expression in tumor cells in arbitrating brain tumor progression. Here we show that fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) is highly expressed in glioma stem cells and primary glioblastoma (GBM) cells. FGL2 knockout in tumor cells did not affect tumor-cell proliferation in vitro or tumor progression in immunodeficient mice but completely impaired GBM progression in immune-competent mice.

Cell surface vimentin-targeted monoclonal antibody 86C increases sensitivity to temozolomide in glioma stem cells.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive brain tumor. The current standard therapy, which includes radiation and chemotherapy, is frequently ineffective partially because of drug resistance and poor penetration of the blood-brain barrier. Reducing resistance and increasing sensitivity to chemotherapy may improve outcomes.

Cell-surface vimentin-positive macrophage-like circulating tumor cells as a novel biomarker of metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

The clinical utility of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been investigated in numerous publications, but CTCs that express very typical immune cell markers have not been reported. Here we report a novel class of CTCs-CSV-positive macrophage-like CTCs (ML-CTCs). This nomenclature was based on the fact that this class of CTCs can be captured from blood samples of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) patients using either the macrophage marker CD68 or our proprietary tumor-specific cell-surface vimentin (CSV) antibody 84-1; likewise, the captured ML-CTCs can be co-stained with both typical macrophage markers (CD14, CD68) and tumor cell markers (DOG-1, C-kit) but not CD45.

A spontaneous model of spondyloarthropathies that develops bone loss and pathological bone formation: A process regulated by IL27RA-/- and mutant-p53.

Spondyloarthropathies, the second most frequently occurring form of chronic inflammatory arthritis, affects young adults in particular. However, a proper model with which to study the biology of this disease and to develop therapeutics is lacking. One of the most accepted animal models for this disease uses HLA-B27/Hu-β2m transgenic rats; however, only 30%-50% of male HLA-B27/Hu-β2m rats develop spontaneous, clinically apparent spondylitis and have a variable time until disease onset.

T-cell Homing Therapy for Reducing Regulatory T Cells and Preserving Effector T-cell Function in Large Solid Tumors.

Infused autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and tumor-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells typically surround malignant lesions or penetrate small tumor nodules but fail to penetrate large solid tumors, significantly compromising their antitumor impact. Strategies to overcome this primary challenge are largely required. We tested the effects of plus doxorubicin on T-cell penetration and efficacy in solid tumors in a murine lung cancer model, a murine breast carcinoma lung metastasis model, and two human xenograft tumor models bearing large tumors (>10 mm).

Detection of circulating tumor cells from cryopreserved human sarcoma peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) enter the vasculature or lymphatic system after shedding from the primary tumor. CTCs may serve as "seed" cells for tumor metastasis. The utility of CTCs in clinical applications for sarcoma is not fully investigated, partly owing to the necessity for fresh blood samples and the lack of a CTC-specific antibody.

Induction of NKG2D Ligands on Solid Tumors Requires Tumor-Specific CD8 T Cells and Histone Acetyltransferases.

NKG2D-mediated immune surveillance is crucial for inhibiting tumor growth and metastases. Malignant tumor cells often downregulate NKG2D ligands to escape from immune surveillance. High-profile studies have shown that restoring NKG2D ligand expression via genetic engineering inhibits tumor formation and progression.