Conformational change-based fluorometric aptasensor for sensitive cadmium(II) detection in fruits and vegetables.

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in the human body through contaminated food and water, posing great health risks. In this study, a label-free fluorescent aptasensor based on SYBR Green I (SGI) for the rapid and sensitive detection of Cd in food samples was designed. The aptasensor utilizes a Cd-specific aptamer (Cd-(21)) and its complementary strand (CS) to form a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) structure in the absence of Cd.

Tag-free fluorometric aptasensor for detection of chromium(VI) in foods via SYBR Green I signal amplification and aptamer structure transition.

Background: In response to growing concerns regarding heavy metal contamination in food, particularly chromium (Cr)(VI) contamination, this study presented a simple, sensitive and practical method for Cr(VI) detection.

Results: A magnetic separation-based capture-exponential enrichment ligand system evolution (SELEX) method was used to identify and characterize DNA aptamers with a high affinity for Cr(VI). An aptamer, Cr-15, with a dissociation constant (K) of 4.

Phenotype and signaling pathway analysis to explore the interaction between tomato plants and TYLCV in different organs.

Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD), caused by Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), is one of the most destructive diseases in tomato cultivation. By comparing the phenotypic characteristics and virus quantities in the susceptible variety 'Cooperation 909 Red Tomatoes' and the resistant variety 'Huamei 204' after inoculation with TYLCV infectious clones, our study discovered that the root, stem and leaf growth of the susceptible variety 'Cooperation 909 Red Tomatoes' were severely hindered and the resistant variety 'Huamei 204' showed growth inhibition only in roots. TYLCV accumulation in roots were significantly higher than in leaves.

Advances in colorimetric aptasensors for heavy metal ion detection utilizing nanomaterials: a comprehensive review.

Heavy metal ion contamination poses significant environmental and health risks, necessitating rapid and efficient detection methods. In the last decade, colorimetric aptasensors have emerged as powerful tools for heavy metal ion detection, owing to their notable attributes such as high specificity, facile synthesis, adaptability to modifications, long-term stability, and heightened sensitivity. This comprehensive overview summarizes the key developments in this field over the past ten years.

Improving aptamer performance: key factors and strategies.

Aptamers are functional single-stranded oligonucleotide fragments isolated from randomized libraries by Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX), exhibiting excellent affinity and specificity toward targets. Compared with traditional antibody reagents, aptamers display many desirable properties, such as low variation and high flexibility, and they are suitable for artificial and large-scale synthesis. These advantages make aptamers have a broad application potential ranging from biosensors, bioimaging to therapeutics and other areas of application.

Physiological and transcriptome profiling revealed defense networks during and tomato interaction at the early stage.

Tomato leaf mold caused by () is a serious fungal disease which results in huge yield losses in tomato cultivation worldwide. In our study, we discovered that ROS (reactive oxygen species) burst was triggered by treatment in tomato leaves. RNA-sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by inoculation at the early stage of invasion in susceptible tomato plants.

First Report of Enterobacter cloacae Causing Stem, Leaf and Fruit Rot on Tomato in China.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), as one of the most economically important and highly nutritious vegetable crops across the world, is widely cultivated in China, one of the largest tomato-concuming countries in the world (Ye et al., 2020; Wang and Liu, 2021).

Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from L. Moench (okra) and its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism on type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A novel acidic polysaccharide named AeP-P-1 was prepared from L. Moench (okra). AeP-P-1 is a heteropolysaccharide with a molecular weight of 3.

Physiological and transcriptomic analyses revealed gene networks involved in heightened resistance against tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in salicylic acid and jasmonic acid treated tomato plants.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a member of the genus of the family, causes leaf curl disease of tomato that significantly affects tomato production worldwide. SA (salicylic acid), JA (jasmonic acid) or the JA mimetic, COR (coronatine) applied exogenously resulted in improved tomato resistance against TYLCV infection. When compared to mock treated tomato leaves, pretreatment with the three compounds followed by TYCLV stem infiltration also caused a greater accumulation of HO.

Rheological properties of polysaccharides from Pholiota nameko with different temperature extraction: Concentration, pH, temperature, and saltion.

Cold and hot water extracted polysaccharides (CW-PNPs and HW-PNPs) were isolated from Pholiota nameko. The rheological properties of PNPs were investigated by steady shear and oscillatory rheological measurements. The PNPs exhibited typical non-Newtonian and shear-thinning behavior, which are affected by PNP concentration, temperature, pH value, salt ion, and concentration.

Selection and identification of a DNA aptamer for fluorescent detection of netilmicin.

Netilmicin (NET) is an antibiotic widely used in healthcare and agriculture, but it can accumulate in the environment to threat human health. Netilmicin (NET) is an antibiotic used for veterinary purposes, for human therapy and for agricultural purposes. Therefore, there is a need to develop high-sensitive measuring methods to detect NET.

Oxytetracycline and Streptomycin Resistance Genes in pv. , the Causal Agent of Bacterial Spot in Peach.

pv. () causes bacterial spot, a major worldwide disease of species. Very few chemical management options are available for this disease and frequent applications of oxytetracycline (OTC) in the United States peach orchards have raised concerns about resistance development.

Effect of steam explosion pretreatment on the structure and bioactivity of Ampelopsis grossedentata polysaccharides.

Steam explosion (SE) was a friendly environmentally pretreatment method. In this study, the effect of steam explosion (SE) pretreatment on structure and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Ampelopsis grossedentata polysaccharides was evaluated. Two novel polysaccharides (AGP and AGP-SE) were extracted, isolated, purified and analyzed by NMR, FT-IR and methylation.

Structure, antioxidant property and protection on PC12 of a polysaccharide isolated and screened from L.Moench (okra).

AeP-P-2, a pectic polysaccharide, was extracted from the fruit pod of okra. It composed of rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal) and galacturonic acid (GalA) with the ratio of 4.75:2.

Identify immune-related genes of adzuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis) in response to bacteria challenge by transcriptome analysis.

Background: Callosobruchus chinensis is one of the important postharvest pests in legume growing areas. Bacterial pesticide is a potential alternative method to control storage pests. However, the effect of these pathogen bacteria on storage pests, and the molecular mechanisms of insect response remain to be to investigated.

Enzymatic characterization and validation of gene expression of phosphoglucomutase from Cordyceps militaris.

The purification and characterization of PGM (Phosphoglucomutase) from Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) was investigated. PGM was purified using a combination of ultrafiltration, salting-out and ion exchange chromatography resulting in 4.

Structural characterization and prebiotic potential of an acidic polysaccharide from .

A novel water-soluble polysaccharide, named ICP-1, was isolated and purified by Sephadex G-200 after extracting the crude polysaccharide (ICP) from . The structural characterization of ICP-1 was determined by physical and chemical methods, FT-IR, NMR, SEM, HPGPC, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation and Congo red test. Then, acid production and proliferation of lactic acid bacteria and the tolerance tests of simulated gastrointestinal fluid were measured to investigate the activity of prebiotic potential.

Apoplastic Cell Death-Inducing Proteins of Filamentous Plant Pathogens: Roles in Plant-Pathogen Interactions.

Filamentous pathogens, such as phytopathogenic oomycetes and fungi, secrete a remarkable diversity of apoplastic effector proteins to facilitate infection, many of which are able to induce cell death in plants. Over the past decades, over 177 apoplastic cell death-inducing proteins (CDIPs) have been identified in filamentous oomycetes and fungi. An emerging number of studies have demonstrated the role of many apoplastic CDIPs as essential virulence factors.

Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration under hypoxia and increased antioxidant activity after reoxygenation of Tribolium castaneum.

Regulating the air in low-oxygen environments protects hermetically stored grains from storage pests damage. However, pests that can tolerate hypoxic stress pose a huge challenge in terms of grain storage. We used various biological approaches to determine the fundamental mechanisms of Tribolium castaneum to cope with hypoxia.

Comparative metabolomics analysis of Callosobruchus chinensis larvae under hypoxia, hypoxia/hypercapnia and normoxia.

Background: Insect tolerance to low oxygen (hypoxia) and high carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) is critical for insect control. On the basis of bioassay, metabolism profiles were built to investigate adaptive mechanisms in bean weevil under hypoxia (2% O ), hypoxia/hypercapnia (2% O + 18% CO ) and normoxia (control, 20% O + 80% N ) using gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS).

Results: The growth and development of bean weevils were significantly suppressed by the two hypoxia conditions; hypercapnia enhanced the mortality, but after 24 days of exposure, the surviving insects emerged as adults earlier than those under hypoxia only.

The Pseudomonas syringae type III effectors AvrRpm1 and AvrRpt2 promote virulence dependent on the F-box protein COI1.

Type III effectors AvrRpm1 and AvrRpt2 promote bacterial growth dependent on a COI1-mediated pathway in the absence of the RPM1 and RPS2 resistance proteins. The type III effectors, AvrRpm1 and AvrRpt2, promote bacterial virulence by suppressing host defense responses. The defense suppressing activities of AvrRpm1 and AvrRpt2 are best studied in the absence of the resistance proteins RPM1 and RPS2, which induce defense responses to them.

The phytotoxin coronatine is a multifunctional component of the virulence armament of Pseudomonas syringae.

Plant pathogens deploy an array of virulence factors to suppress host defense and promote pathogenicity. Numerous strains of Pseudomonas syringae produce the phytotoxin coronatine (COR). A major aspect of COR function is its ability to mimic a bioactive jasmonic acid (JA) conjugate and thus target the JA-receptor COR-insensitive 1 (COI1).

The coronatine toxin of Pseudomonas syringae is a multifunctional suppressor of Arabidopsis defense.

The phytotoxin coronatine (COR) promotes various aspects of Pseudomonas syringae virulence, including invasion through stomata, growth in the apoplast, and induction of disease symptoms. COR is a structural mimic of active jasmonic acid (JA) conjugates. Known activities of COR are mediated through its binding to the F-box-containing JA coreceptor CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1.