Transition Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Single-Atom Catalysts Enhanced CO Electroreduction Reaction: A Review.

As the global energy crisis and environmental challenges worsen, CO conversion has emerged as a focal point in international research. CO electroreduction reaction (COER) is a green and sustainable technology that converts CO into high-value chemicals, thereby achieving the recycling of carbon resources. However, the activity and selectivity are constrained by the performance of the catalyst.

Engineering Three-Dimensional Interconnected Pores with Plentiful Edge Sites via a Confined Space for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction.

N-Doped carbon sheets based on edge engineering provide more opportunities for improving oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) active sites. However, with regard to the correlation between porous structural configurations and performances, it remains underexplored. Herein, a silica-assisted localized etching method was employed to create two-dimensional mesoporous carbon materials with customizable pore structures, abundant edge sites, and nitrogen functionalities.

Investigating the addition of Fe for improving contaminant removal and regulating microbes in a simulated coastal wetland.

Contaminants from wastewater of aquaculture are increasing the risks of red tides in coastal areas. Such types of contaminants are difficult to remove by using conventional biological and ecological treatment methods because of the relatively low C/N ratios and the high salinity in coastal water ambience. Fe is considered a key element in natural chemical cycling and promotes the growth of animals and plants as well.

Augmentation of saline wastewater treatment via functional enrichment of bacteria and optimized distribution in constructed wetlands combined with slag-sponges at different temperatures.

China's aquatic environment continues to face several difficulties. Ecological constructed wetland systems (CWs) can be used to treat polluted saline water to alleviate water shortages regionally and globally. However, the performance is limited by low temperatures.

CoPO-Assisted Copper/Carbon Catalyst for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO to Formate.

Reducing CO into value-added chemicals and fuels by electrochemical reduction of CO (COER) in an aqueous medium is considered a potential way to store intermittent renewable energy and alleviate the energy crisis. Cu-based catalysts are a common electrocatalyst used in COER. However, selectivity has always been a difficult problem to solve, especially in terms of the production of C products.

Effects of two plant species combined with slag-sponges on the treatment performance of contaminated saline water in constructed wetland.

Constructed wetland (CW), an ecological water treatment system, can purify and repair the damaged saline water body in an open watershed, but its repairing function is limited at low temperature under salt stress. In this study, two different plant species with slag-sponge layer were operated to enhance the purification effect of CW on the damaged saline water body. The results showed that the combination of Scirpus mariqueter and slag-sponges in CW had a better purification effect especially under the condition of salinity of 10‰ (S = 10) with a respective removal efficiency of 91.

Advances in microbial electrochemistry-enhanced constructed wetlands.

Constructed wetland (CW) is an effective ecological technology to treat water pollution and has the significant advantages of high impact resistance, simple construction process, and low maintenance cost. However, under extreme conditions such as low temperature, high salt concentration, and multiple types of pollutants, some bottlenecks exist, including the difficulty in improving operating efficiency and the low pollutant removal rate. Microbial electrochemical technology is an emerging clean energy technology and has the similar structure and pollutant removal mechanism to CW.

Almost Sure Stability of Complex-Valued Complex Networks: A Noise-Based Delayed Coupling Under Random Denial-of-Service Attacks.

This article is concerned with stability for stochastic complex-valued delayed complex networks under random denial-of-service (RDoS) attacks. Different from the existing literature on the stability of stochastic complex-valued systems that concentrate on moment stability, we investigate almost sure stability (ASS), where noise plays a stabilizing role. It is noted that, besides the vertex systems influenced by noise, the interactions among vertices are also at the mercy of noise.

In-situ activator-induced evolution of morphology on carbon materials for supercapacitors.

Carbonaceous materials with diverse morphologies have shown unique and excellent performance in many fields, such as catalysis, adsorption, separation and energy storage. However, regulating the structural changes of these morphologies accurately using simple approaches is a difficult process. In this study, porous carbon materials with a morphology that changed from carbon spindles to fold-carbon spheres and then to regular carbon spheres were prepared assisted by in-situ activator of KNO in co-assembly of resorcinol/phenol resin and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide.

Reasonable Construction of Hollow Carbon Spheres with an Adjustable Shell Surface for Supercapacitors.

Hollow carbon spheres (HCS) manifest specific merit in achieving large interior void space, high permeability, wide contactable area, and strong stacking ability with negligible aggregation and have attracted attention due to their high supercapacitor activity. As the key factor affecting supercapacitor performance, the surface chemical properties, shell thickness, roughness, and pore volumes of HCS are the focus of research in this field. Herein, the surface chemical properties and structures of HCS are simultaneously adjusted by a feasible and simple process of in situ activation during assembly of resin and potassium chloride (KCl).

Potentiometric aptasensing of Escherichia coli based on electrogenerated chemiluminescence as a highly sensitive readout.

We introduce here a versatile approach to read out potentiometric aptasensors by electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL), which can amplify the small potential changes induced by the bacterial concentrations via ECL signals. In the present system, the electrode modified with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and aptamer molecules acts as the reference electrode and is placed in the sample solution for sensing the bacterial concentration changes, while the Ru(bpy) modified gold electrode serves as the working electrode for generating ECL signals and is placed in the detection solution containing tripropylamine (TPA) spatially separated from the sample solution by a salt bridge. Ru(bpy) is immobilized on the gold electrode's surface for enhancement of luminous efficiency and reduction of reagent consumption.

Silica-Assisted Controlled Engineering of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Cages with Bulges for High-Performance Supercapacitors.

The bulge structure of N-doped carbon cages is beneficial to improving the specific surface area and increasing the active sites of a chemical reaction. Therefore, this structure plays a role in increasing capacity in energy storage. However, the precise and most effective method of ensuring the bulge structures is still a challenge.

Identification of sequence polymorphisms in the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid displacement-loop region as risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between sequence polymorphisms (SNPs) in the displacement-loop (D-loop) region of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Chinese female patients.

Patients And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2017 and October 2017. The mtDNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 97 female SLE patients (mean age 40.

Encapsulating Ru(bpy) in an infinite coordination polymer network: Towards a solid-state electrochemiluminescence sensing platform for histamine to evaluate fish product quality.

In this work, we demonstrate a novel solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on the Ru(bpy)@terbium-guanosine monophosphate infinite coordination polymer network ((Ru(bpy)@Tb-GMP ICPn). Comparing with the traditional luminescence of Ru(bpy) observed in a liquid system, the proposed method of encapsulating Ru(bpy) into ICPn for immobilization greatly improves the ECL signal and efficiency, which is attributed to the unique porous structure and large specific surface area of ICPn. Moreover, the solid-state Ru(bpy) ECL sensor has good biocompatibility and low toxicity.

Synthesis of europium(iii)-doped copper nanoclusters for electrochemiluminescence bioanalysis.

An electrochemiluminescence biosensor based on europium(iii)-doped copper nanoclusters was proposed for the first time to achieve rapid and sensitive bioanalysis, using dopamine detection as a model.

NiFe Oxalate Nanomesh Array with Homogenous Doping of Fe for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation.

NiFe-based materials have shown impressive electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The mutual effect between proximate Ni and Fe atoms is essential in regulating the electronic structure of the active site to boost the OER kinetics. Detailed studies confirm that the separated monometal phases in NiFe-based materials are detrimental to OER.

A specific electrochemiluminescence sensor for selective and ultra-sensitive mercury(ii) detection based on dithiothreitol functionalized copper nanocluster/carbon nitride nanocomposites.

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensors are useful for the detection of heavy metal pollutants, in particular mercury(ii) ions, in water samples. We demonstrate the superior sensing performance of Hg using a nanocomposite material based on carbon nitride nanosheets (CNNSs) and copper nanoclusters functionalized by dithiothreitol, which not only stabilizes the clusters, but also improves the sensitivity of Hg detection. The ECL mechanism is related to the reaction of the nanocomposite with KSO in the electrochemical system, while the presence of Hg leads to quenching of its excited state, and the suppression of the formation of anion-radicals.

Manganese(ii) phosphate nanosheet assembly with native out-of-plane Mn centres for electrocatalytic water oxidation.

Nature selects Mn-clusters as catalysts for water oxidation, which is a significant reaction in photosynthesis. Thus, it is of critical importance to develop Mn-based superstructures and study their catalytic details for water-splitting-based renewable energy research. Herein, we report a manganese(ii) phosphate nanosheet assembly with asymmetric out-of-plane Mn centers from the transformation of amine-intercalated nanoplates for efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation in neutral aqueous solutions.

Conductive Molybdenum Sulfide for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Molybdenum sulfide (MoS ) is a layered material with high activity for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In conventional MoS , the high electrical resistance between the layers hampers the bulk charge transfer and therefore greatly limits its performance in electrolysis. Herein, ultrathin MoS nanosheets with bent layers on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are reported.

Ischemic colitis caused by polycythemia vera: A case report and literature review.

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder originating from hematopoietic stem cells and complicated by thrombosis and bleeding. This report describes a case of ischemic colitis (IC) caused by PV and includes a review of the relevant literature. The patient was a 59-year-old male with a history of PV who presented with abdominal pain and hematochezia.

Hollow Mesoporous Silica@Metal-Organic Framework and Applications for pH-Responsive Drug Delivery.

Metal--organic frameworks (MOFs), a new type of porous crystalline material, hold great potential in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery. However, the efficacy of drug delivery is limited by low drug loading. In this work, we synthesized hollow mesoporous silica (HMS)@MOF capsules that can be used as a pH-responsive drug delivery system for the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX).

Graphene-Supported Pyrene-Modified Cobalt Corrole with Axial Triphenylphosphine for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution in pH 0-14 Aqueous Solutions.

A cobalt complex of 5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)-10-(4)-(1-pyrenyl)phenyl corrole that contains a triphenylphosphine axial ligand (1-PPh ) was synthesized and examined as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). If supported on graphene (G), the resulting 1-PPh /G material can catalyze the HER in aqueous solutions over a wide pH range of 0-14 with a high efficiency and durability. The significantly enhanced activity of 1-PPh /G, compared with that of its analogues 1-py/G (the Co-bound axial ligand is pyridine instead of triphenylphosphine) and 2-py/G (Co complex of 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole), highlights the effects of the pyrenyl substituent and the triphenylphosphine axial ligand on the HER activity.

Reduced graphene oxide supported platinum nanocubes composites: one-pot hydrothermal synthesis and enhanced catalytic activity.

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) supported platinum nanocubes (Pt-NCs) composites (Pt-NCs/rGO) were synthesized successfully by a water-based co-chemical reduction method, in which polyallylamine hydrochloride acted as a multi-functional molecule for the functionalization of graphene oxide, anchorage of Pt(II) precursor, and control of Pt crystal facets. The morphology, structure, composition, and catalytic property of Pt-NCs/rGO composites were characterized in detail by various spectroscopic techniques. Transmission electron microscopy images showed well-defined Pt-NCs with an average size of 9 nm uniformly distributed on the rGO surface.

Hydrothermal synthesis of Pt-Ag alloy nano-octahedra and their enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the methanol oxidation reaction.

The high-quality Pt48Ag52 alloy nano-octahedra are synthesized via one-pot hydrothermal method. The catalytic growth of Ag(0) atoms on Pt nuclei and selective oxidative etching on the Ag(0) atoms contribute to the formation of alloy nano-octahedra. Pt48Ag52 alloy nano-octahedra show excellent electrocatalytic activity and durability for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR).