Analysis of unsuccessful tests and the effect of prolonged clinical sample preprocessing in the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay.

Background: The GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) assay is a widely used technology for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in clinical samples. However, the study on the failure of the Xpert assay during routine implementation and its potential solutions is limited.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of unsuccessful tests in the Xpert and the GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) assays between April 2017 and April 2021 at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center.

Trends in and Risk Factors for Drug Resistance in in HIV-Infected Patients.

Trends in and risk factors for drug resistance in () in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with active tuberculosis were analyzed. The clinical data of and HIV-coinfected patients treated at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center between 2010 and 2022 were collected. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed by solid or liquid culture.

Postschool Goal Expectations for Youth With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Using National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012 data, this study explored parent and youth expectations in the areas of postsecondary education, employment, independent living, and financial independence. Compared to youth with other disabilities, youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their parents had much lower expectations for the four postschool goals, and parent expectations were much lower than youth's own expectations. Also, youth's race, along with their daily living skills and functional abilities, were positively associated with parent and youth expectations in several future goal areas.

Academia's responses to crisis: A bibliometric analysis of literature on online learning in higher education during COVID-19.

This paper aimed to provide a holistic view of research that investigated online learning in higher education around the globe during COVID-19 utilizing a bibliometric analysis. The researchers used co-citation analysis and text mining afforded by VOSviewer to document and analyze research patterns and topics reported in peer-reviewed documents published between January 2020 and August 2021. Findings of this study indicated that scholars from 103 countries or regions from the Global North and Global South investigated a wide array of topics, such as use of various technologies and strategies, redesigned curriculum, student perceptions and psychological impacts of the pandemic-imposed online learning.

Psychometric Properties of Self-Determination Inventory: Student Report Among Chinese Students With and Without Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

This study explores the psychometric properties of Self-Determination Inventory: Student Report (SDI:SR) in students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and without disabilities in China. The paper-and-pencil version of SDI:SR Chinese Translation (SDI:SR Chinese) was used to explore self-determination across students with IDD (n = 245) and students without disabilities (n = 315) from 16 schools across six cities in China. We examined the factor structure of the measure, conducted analysis of measurement invariance, and compared the latent means across students with IDD and without disabilities.

Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Mycobacterium abscessus complex isolates from respiratory specimens in Shanghai, China.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) isolates and to investigate the relationship between susceptibility profiles and genetic mechanisms of macrolide resistance.

Methods: More than 200 isolates collected from respiratory specimens between 2014 and 2018 were randomly analysed in this study. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (Mics) of ten potential antimicrobial agents were determined by the microplate alamarBlue assay.

Incidence and risk factors of delirium after percutaneous coronary intervention in individuals hospitalised for acute myocardial infarction: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Delirium in the postoperative period is a wide-reaching problem that affects important clinical outcomes. The incidence and risk factors of delirium in individuals with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been completely determined and no relevant systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence or risk factors exists. Hence, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to ascertain the incidence and risk factors of delirium among AMI patients undergoing PCI.

Stool-based Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay as a tool for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis in children with abnormal chest imaging: A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of stool-based Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay versus other assays for the detection of paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).

Methods: A prospective head-to-head comparative study was conducted from Dec 2017 to May 2019 in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre. Samples were collected from children (< 15 years) with abnormal chest imaging (X-ray or CT scan) results for the following tests: Ultra on stool sample (Ultra-Stool), Ultra on respiratory tract sample (Ultra-RTS), Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) on RTS (Xpert-RTS), acid-fast bacilli smear on RTS (AFB-RTS), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) culture on RTS (Culture-RTS).

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Teen Sexual Behaviors: The Role of Self-Regulation and School-Related Factors.

Background: There is limited evidence addressing the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on adolescent sexual risk behaviors and pregnancy. In this study, we examined whether individual and cumulative ACEs increased the risk of unhealthy sexual behaviors and adolescent pregnancy. To inform intervention efforts, potential mediating mechanisms focusing on youth developmental assets were examined to explain the association.

Performance of Xpert/MTB/RIF assay for childhood pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV negative children with real world evidence in China.

Background: Rapid and accurate notification of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a worldwide challenge. Although the Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) has been endorsed as the initial test for suspected PTB in many countries, limited studies have reported the performance of Xpert in childhood PTB. The aim of this study is to evaluate the real-world performance of Xpert for the detection of childhood PTB among HIV negative children in China.

clinical isolates carry mutational signatures of host immune environments.

() infection results in a spectrum of clinical and histopathologic manifestations. It has been proposed that the environmental and immune pressures associated with different contexts of infection have different consequences for the associated bacterial populations, affecting drug susceptibility and the emergence of resistance. However, there is little concrete evidence for this model.

'I feel valued': the experience of social networking site engagement among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in South Korea.

Previous studies have shown that participation in social networking sites (SNSs) enhances users' knowledge, social capital, and quality of life. However, people with intellectual developmental disabilities (PIDD) do not use SNSs to the same extent as the general population does. This study aimed to explore the experiences of those PIDD in South Korea who use social media.

Active Support Training, Staff Assistance, and Engagement of Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the United States: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Two non-U.S. quasi-experimental studies reported Active Support training was associated with increased engagement in individuals with IDD, but no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exist.

Predictors Associated With Paid Employment Status of Community and Technical College Students With Intellectual Disability.

The present study sought to identify predictors associated with paid employment outcomes for community and technical college students with intellectual disability (ID). Data used were collected from the Transition and Postsecondary Programs for Students With Intellectual Disabilities (TPSID) implemented in two community and technical colleges in the upper Midwest. The participants included 228 students with ID attending college who received supports based on the Check & Connect model.

Pulmonary resection in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A case series.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) are significant health problems throughout the world. Although the main treatment is medical, adjunctive surgical resection may increase the chance of cure in selected patients with MDR-TB or XDR-TB. This study aimed to present a case series of patients who underwent surgical resection for MDR-TB.

Correction to: Routinely detected indicators in plasma have a predictive effect on the identification of HIV-infected patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial and tuberculous infections.

After publication of this article [1] it came to our attention that the affiliation of Jun Chen and Hong-zhou Lu were incorrectly shown.Jun Chen's affiliation should have been given as Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.Hong-zhou Lu should have been given as Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Routinely detected indicators in plasma have a predictive effect on the identification of HIV-infected patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial and tuberculous infections.

Background: It is difficult to quickly distinguish non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection from tuberculosis (TB) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients because of many similarities between these diseases. A simple and effective way to determine the differences using routine blood tests is necessary in developing countries.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to recruit HIV-infected patients with either NTM infection or TB infection diagnosed for the first time according to mycobacterial culture and microscopic identification from May 2010 to March 2016.

Molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Shanghai, China.

China is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ(r)) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nevertheless, knowledge on the molecular characterization of the FQ(r)M. tuberculosis strains of this region remains very limited.