Paeoniflorin suppresses kidney inflammation by regulating macrophage polarization via KLF4-mediated mitophagy.

Background: Macrophages M1 polarization involved in the process of renal inflammatory injury, is a well-established hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Paeoniflorin (PF), a water-soluble monoterpene glycoside extracted from Paeonia lactiflora, revealed renal anti-inflammatory activities in our previous study. However, the potential molecular mechanism of PF on CKD remains unknown.

Danshen injection induces autophagy in podocytes to alleviate nephrotic syndrome via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Background: Danshen injection (DSI) is an agent extracted from the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a natural drug commonly used to alleviate kidney diseases. However, the material basis and therapeutic effects of DSI on nephrotic syndrome (NS) remain unclear.

Purpose: To investigate the material basis of DSI and the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of NS.

Hypermethylation of the PRKCZ Gene in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objectives. To study the correlation between the methylation of protein kinase C epsilon zeta (PRKCZ) gene promoters and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods.