Review on effects of some insecticides on honey bee health.

Insecticides, one of the main agrochemicals, are useful for controlling pests; however, the indiscriminate use of insecticides has led to negative effects on nontarget insects, especially honey bees, which are essential for pollination services. Different classes of insecticides, such as neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, chlorantraniliprole, spinosad, flupyradifurone and sulfoxaflor, not only negatively affect honey bee growth and development but also decrease their foraging activity and pollination services by influencing their olfactory sensation, memory, navigation back to the nest, flight ability, and dance circuits. Honey bees resist the harmful effects of insecticides by coordinating the expression of genes related to immunity, metabolism, and detoxification pathways.

Identification of an MGST2 gene and analysis of its function in antioxidant processes in Apis cerana cerana.

MGST2 is a member of the MAPEG superfamily, which participates in LTC4 synthesis and plays important roles in the regulation of the oxidative stress pathway and some diseases. Here, we isolated a previously uncharacterized gene in Apis cerana cerana named AccMGST2 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The biological characteristics of AccMGST2 were analyzed by bioinformatics.

Molecular Mechanism of the UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B20-like Gene () in Pesticide Resistance of .

UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), being multifunctional detoxification enzymes, play a major role in the process of resistance to various pesticides in insects. However, the mechanism underlying the molecular regulation of pesticide resistance remains unclear, especially in . In this study, all of the UGTs in (AccUGT) have been identified through the multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis.

Analyses of the function of DnaJ family proteins reveal an underlying regulatory mechanism of heat tolerance in honeybee.

There is clear evidence of severe honeybee declines in recent years, and parallel declines of plant community and crop productivity that rely on them. Different stresses, including heat stress, are among the primary drivers of this decline. However, the mechanisms by which honeybees respond to heat stress are elusive.

Functional and transcriptomic analyses of the NF-Y family provide insights into the defense mechanisms of honeybees under adverse circumstances.

As predominant pollinators, honeybees are important for crop production and terrestrial ecosystems. Recently, various environmental stresses have led to large declines in honeybee populations in many regions. The ability of honeybees to respond to these stresses is critical for their survival.

Molecular mechanism by which MKK6 ()-mediated MAPK cascades regulate the oxidative stress response.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MKKs) are important components of the MAPK signaling pathways, which play a key role in responding to stress and inflammatory stimuli. Here, a new MKK gene, , was identified and functionally analyzed in Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the AccMKK6 expression level was up-regulated by several environmental stresses. Moreover, the knockdown of by RNA interference technology altered the expression levels of some antioxidant genes.