Exploring the links among peripheral immunity, biomarkers, cognition, and neuroimaging in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: We analyzed relationships among peripheral immunity markers, cognition, Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related biomarkers, and neuroimaging to understand peripheral immunity involvement in AD.

Methods: Peripheral immunity markers were assessed in AD, non-AD neurodegenerative disorders, and controls, examining their connections with cognition, AD-related biomarkers, and neuroimaging using multiple regression models.

Results: The study included 1579 participants.

Multipredictor risk models for predicting individual risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Early prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a feasible way to delay AD onset and progression. Information on AD prediction at the individual patient level will be useful in AD prevention. In this study, we aim to develop risk models for predicting AD onset at individual level using optimal set of predictors from multiple features.

Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: a network meta-analysis.

Background: Pharmacological treatments are very common to be used for alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia. However, decision on drug selection is still a matter of controversy.

Aims: To summarise the comparative efficacy and acceptability of currently available monotherapy drug regimens for reducing NPS in dementia.

Systematic assessment of plasma biomarkers in spinocerebellar ataxia.

Background And Objectives: Plasma neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), and β-amyloid (Aβ) have emerged as promising markers in several neurodegenerative disorders, but whether they can be used as biomarkers in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) is yet to be determined. This study aimed to identify sensitive plasma markers for SCA and investigate their effectiveness in tracking ataxia severity, cognition, non-motor symptoms, and brain atrophy.

Methods: This observational study recruited consecutive participants from Huashan Hospital and the CABLE study from November 2019.

Head-to-head comparison of 6 plasma biomarkers in early multiple system atrophy.

There is a dire need for reliable biomarkers to solidify an early and accurate diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA). We sought to compare the ability of emerging plasma markers in distinguishing MSA from its mimics and healthy controls in early disease stages, and to evaluate their performance in detecting disease severity and brain atrophy. Plasma neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), phosphorylated tau181, amyloid-β (Aβ)42, and Aβ40 were measured using ultrasensitive Simoa in early-stage patients with MSA (n = 73), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA, n = 29), Parkinson's disease (PD, n = 28), and healthy controls (n = 100).

Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in the Alzheimer Disease Continuum: Relationship to Other Biomarkers, Differential Diagnosis, and Prediction of Clinical Progression.

Background: Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has emerged as a promising biomarker in neurological disorders, but further evidence is required in relation to its usefulness for diagnosis and prediction of Alzheimer disease (AD).

Methods: Plasma GFAP was measured in participants with AD, non-AD neurodegenerative disorders, and controls. Its diagnostic and predictive value were analyzed alone or combined with other indicators.

Plasma Biomarkers and Positron Emission Tomography Tau Pathology in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.

Background: Development of disease-modifying therapeutic trials of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) urges the need for sensitive fluid biomarkers.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to explore the utility of plasma biomarkers in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and assessment of disease severity, brain atrophy, and tau deposition in PSP.

Methods: Plasma biomarkers were measured using a single-molecule array in a cohort composed of patients with PSP, Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P), and healthy controls (HCs).

The dynamics of plasma biomarkers across the Alzheimer's continuum.

Background: Failures in drug trials strengthen the necessity to further determine the neuropathological events during the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We sought to investigate the dynamic changes and performance of plasma biomarkers across the entire Alzheimer's continuum in the Chinese population.

Methods: Plasma amyloid-β (Αβ)42, Aβ40, Aβ42/Aβ40, phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181, neurofilament light (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were measured utilizing the ultrasensitive single-molecule array technology across the AD continuum (n=206), wherein Aβ status was defined by the values of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ42 or Aβ positron emission tomography (PET).

Deamidation-related blood biomarkers show promise for early diagnostics of neurodegeneration.

Background: The strongest risk factor of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) is aging. Spontaneous asparaginyl deamidation leading to formation of isoaspartate (isoAsp) has been correlated with protein aggregation in NDDs.

Methods: Two cohorts consisting of 140 subjects were studied.

Serum Uric Acid Levels in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Excessive oxidative stress may contribute to neurodegeneration by leading to protein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Uric acid (UA) is an important endogenous antioxidant that protects against oxidative stress, yet its exact role in neurodegeneration remains unclear.

Objective: To explore the performance of serum UA in neurodegenerative disorders.

Modifiable risk factors for incident dementia and cognitive impairment: An umbrella review of evidence.

Background: Dementia and cognitive impairment can be attributed to genetic and modifiable factors. Considerable evidence emerged in modifiable factors and urgently requires standardized evaluation. We conducted an umbrella review to evaluate the strength and validity of the existing evidence.

Application of the Amyloid/Tau/Neurodegeneration Framework in Cognitively Intact Adults: The CABLE Study.

Objectives: The amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (AT[N]) framework has conceptualized the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum as a continuum of disease with evidence of amyloid-related pathologies independent of clinical manifestation. Based on this framework, it is necessary to reveal the distribution and risk factors of AD continuum in the cognitively intact population among different cohorts and races, including the northern Chinese Han population.

Methods: This study classified cognitively intact Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE) participants through the AT(N) scheme.

Investigating Causal Relations Between Circulating Metabolites and Alzheimer's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Metabolomics is a promising approach that can be used to understand pathophysiological pathways of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the causal relationships between metabolism and AD are poorly understood.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the causal association between circulating metabolites and risk of AD through two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Genome-wide association study identifies APOE locus influencing plasma p-tau181 levels.

As a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease (AD), plasma p-tau181 is robustly differentiated AD dementia from non-AD neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with plasma phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 (p-tau181) levels that affect the risk of developing AD. We carried out a genome-wide association study for plasma p-tau181 levels using participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).

Pharmacological treatments for psychotic symptoms in dementia: A systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analysis.

Psychotic symptoms of dementia are highly prevalent and lead to poor medical outcomes and substantial dysfunction. To date, which drug to use remains controversial without a summary of all direct or indirect comparisons of pharmacotherapy. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analysis to examine efficacy and tolerability outcomes of pharmacological treatments in dementia patients.

Plasma phosphorylated-tau181 as a predictive biomarker for Alzheimer's amyloid, tau and FDG PET status.

Plasma phosphorylated-tau181 (p-tau181) showed the potential for Alzheimer's diagnosis and prognosis, but its role in detecting cerebral pathologies is unclear. We aimed to evaluate whether it could serve as a marker for Alzheimer's pathology in the brain. A total of 1189 participants with plasma p-tau181 and PET data of amyloid, tau or FDG PET were included from ADNI.

Mild behavioral impairment correlates of cognitive impairments in older adults without dementia: mediation by amyloid pathology.

The relationship between mild behavioral impairment (MBI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is intricate and still not well investigated. The purpose of the study is to examine the roles of the AD imaging pathologies in modulating the associations of MBI with cognitive impairments. We analyzed 1129 participants (563 [49.

Herpesvirus infections and Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies have suggested that herpesvirus infection increased the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it is unclear whether the association is causal. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the causal relationship between four herpesvirus infections and AD.

Methods: We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate association of four active herpesvirus infections with AD using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies.

Genetically determined low income modifies Alzheimer's disease risk.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is considered to be associated with the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the causal association remain unclear. Here, we determining whether income has a causal protective effect on the risk of developing AD using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The development of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology as tools for screening the general population is essential, but persists controversies. We aimed to evaluate the effects of AD core pathological biomarkers on blood, and systematical searched Embase, PubMed and Cochrane for eligible studies. Biomarker performance was rated by random-effects meta-analysis based on the ratio of means method and multivariable-adjusted effect estimates.

Associations of Alcohol Consumption with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in Cognitively Intact Older Adults: The CABLE Study.

Background: The relationship between alcohol consumption and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is unclear. Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been proven valuable in establishing prognosis in pre-clinical AD.

Objective: We sought to examine the associations between alcohol consumption and CSF AD biomarkers in cognitive intact subjects.

Longitudinal plasma phosphorylated tau 181 tracks disease progression in Alzheimer's disease.

To assess plasma phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181) as a progression biomarker in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we examined longitudinal plasma p-tau181 of 1184 participants (403 cognitively normal (CN), 560 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 221 with AD dementia) from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). The plasma p-tau level was increased at baseline for MCI and AD dementia (mean: CN, 15.4 pg/mL; MCI, 18.

Associations of Sleep Characteristics with Cerebrospinal Fluid sTREM2 in Cognitively Normal Older Adults: the CABLE Study.

As brain insults, sleep disorders could enhance microglial activation and aggravate neuroinflammation. Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) serves as a readout for TREM2-associated microglial responses. We aimed to study the association of sleep characteristics with CSF sTREM2 in cognitively normal (CN) older adults.