Toll-like receptor 4 plays a vital role in irritable bowel syndrome: a scoping review.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disease. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), widely distributed on the surface of a variety of epithelial cells (ECs) and immune sentinel cells in the gut, plays a vital role in developing IBS.

Objectives: We sought to synthesize the existing literature on TLR4 in IBS and inform further study.

Collagenous colitis in a child induced by chronic respiratory allergy: A case report.

Introduction: Collagen colitis (CC) is a microscopic colitis diagnosed by mucosal biopsy and is extremely rare in children.

Patient Concerns: We reported a child with severe persistent diarrhea that could not be relieved with traditional diarrheal treatment. No abnormalities were found after multiple colonoscopies.