Muscular strength and incident hypertension in normotensive and prehypertensive men.

Unlabelled: The protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on hypertension (HTN) are well known; however, the association between muscular strength and incidence of HTN has yet to be examined.

Purpose: This study evaluated the strength-HTN association with and without accounting for CRF.

Methods: Participants were 4147 men (age = 20-82 yr) in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study for whom an age-specific composite muscular strength score was computed from measures of a one-repetition maximal leg and a one-repetition maximal bench press.

Role of lifestyle and aging on the longitudinal change in cardiorespiratory fitness.

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adults decreases with age and is influenced by lifestyle. Low CRF is associated with risk of diseases and the ability of older persons to function independently. We defined the longitudinal rate of CRF decline with aging and the association of aging and lifestyle with CRF.

FTO genotype and the weight loss benefits of moderate intensity exercise.

The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene was genotyped for the participants in the Dose-Response to Exercise in postmenopausal Women (DREW) trial and analyses were performed to determine whether an FTO variant was associated with adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) before and after 6 months of moderate intensity exercise in white women (n = 234). The A/A homozygotes for rs8050136 had a higher BMI (kg/m(2)) compared to C/C homozygotes at baseline (32.8 (0.

The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of all-cause mortality among women with impaired fasting glucose or undiagnosed diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To evaluate the independent and joint associations among cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body mass index, and risk of mortality from any cause among women with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM).

Patients And Methods: Female patients (N=3044; mean age, 47.4 years) with IFG or undiagnosed DM completed a maximal exercise treadmill test (between January 26, 1971, and March 21, 2001).

Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a prospective study of men.

Objective: To assess the independent and joint associations between self-reported physical activity (PA) and objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) from a maximal treadmill exercise test and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a large cohort of men.

Methods: Participants for the current analysis were 23 444 men aged 20-85 years free of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer or diabetes at baseline. Incident diabetes were identified from mail-back surveys.

The joint effects of cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity on mortality risk in men with hypertension.

Background: Whether higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) attenuates the mortality risk associated with higher adiposity in adults with hypertension (HTN) is poorly understood.

Methods: Participants were 13,155 men (mean age, 47.7 (s.

Ideal weight and weight satisfaction: association with health practices.

Evidence suggests that individuals have become more tolerant of higher body weights over time. To investigate this issue further, the authors examined cross-sectional associations among ideal weight, examination year, and obesity as well as the association of ideal weight and body weight satisfaction with health practices among 15,221 men and 4,126 women in the United States. Participants in 1987 reported higher ideal weights than participants in 2001, an effect particularly pronounced from 1987 to 2001 for younger and obese men (85.

Dietary patterns and the risk of mortality: impact of cardiorespiratory fitness.

Background: While dietary patterns that are both predictive of chronic disease and mortality have been identified, the confounding effects of cardiorespiratory fitness have not been properly addressed. The primary objective was to assess the relation between dietary patterns with all-cause mortality, while controlling for the potentially confounding effects of fitness.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study.

Metabolic syndrome and diabetes, alone and in combination, as predictors of cardiovascular disease mortality among men.

Objective: To examine cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk in men with diabetes only, metabolic syndrome only, and concurrent metabolic syndrome and diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We examined CVD mortality risk by metabolic syndrome and diabetes status in men from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS) (mean +/- SD age 45.1 +/- 10.

Muscular strength and adiposity as predictors of adulthood cancer mortality in men.

Background: We examined the associations between muscular strength, markers of overall and central adiposity, and cancer mortality in men.

Methods: A prospective cohort study including 8,677 men ages 20 to 82 years followed from 1980 to 2003. Participants were enrolled in The Aerobics Centre Longitudinal Study, the Cooper Institute in Dallas, Texas.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and digestive cancer mortality: findings from the aerobics center longitudinal study.

Although higher levels of physical activity are inversely associated with risk of colon cancer, few prospective studies have evaluated overall digestive system cancer mortality in relation to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The authors examined this association among 38,801 men ages 20 to 88 years who performed a maximal treadmill exercise test at baseline in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (Dallas, TX) during 1974 to 2003. Mortality was assessed over 29 years of follow-up (1974-2003).

A prospective study of cardiorespiratory fitness and breast cancer mortality.

Purpose: Physical activity may protect against breast cancer. Few prospective studies have evaluated breast cancer mortality in relation to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), an objective marker of physiologic response to physical activity habits.

Methods: We examined the association between CRF and risk of death from breast cancer in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study.

Metabolic syndrome and risk of cancer mortality in men.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been linked with an increased risk of developing cancer; however, the association between MetS and cancer mortality remains less clear. Little research has focused on pre-cancer risk factors that may affect the outcome of treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between MetS and all-cancer mortality in men.

The association of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity with incidence of hypertension in men.

Background: Few prospective studies have simultaneously investigated the relationship between physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and the development of hypertension in initially normotensive individuals. In the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS), we examined this association among initially healthy normotensive men.

Methods: Participants were 16,601 men aged 20-82 years who completed a baseline examination during 1970-2002 and were followed for hypertension incidence.

Oral potassium supplement use and outcomes in chronic heart failure: a propensity-matched study.

Background: Hypokalemia is common in heart failure (HF) and is associated with increased mortality. Potassium supplements are commonly used to treat hypokalemia and maintain normokalemia. However, their long-term effects on outcomes in chronic HF are unknown.

Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity with risks of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in men.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (hereafter fitness) and various obesity measures with risks of incident impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 14,006 men (7,795 for the analyses of IFG), who did not have an abnormal electrocardiogram or a history of heart attack, stroke, cancer, or diabetes.

Results: Of the men, 3,612 (39,610 person-years) and 477 (101,419 person-years) developed IFG and type 2 diabetes, respectively.

Prospective study of cardiorespiratory fitness and depressive symptoms in women and men.

Most studies of the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and depression have been limited to cross-sectional designs. The objective of this study was to follow individuals over time to examine whether those with higher levels of CRF have lower risk of developing depressive symptoms. Participants were 11,258 men and 3085 women enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study in Dallas, TX.

Association of diuretic use and overactive bladder syndrome in older adults: a propensity score analysis.

Diuretic use and overactive bladder syndrome are common in older adults. However, the relationship between the two has not been well studied. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires including the Urge Urinary Distress Inventory (Urge-UDI) and the Urge Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (Urge-IIQ), and by outpatient chart abstraction.

Association of chronic kidney disease with outcomes in chronic heart failure: a propensity-matched study.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). However, its association with hospitalization in HF patients has not been well studied.

Methods: Of 7788 patients in the Digitalis Investigation Group trial, 3527 had CKD, defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min/1.

Cardiorespiratory fitness as a predictor of fatal and nonfatal stroke in asymptomatic women and men.

Background And Purpose: Prospective data on the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and stroke are largely limited to studies in men or do not separately examine risks for fatal and nonfatal stroke. This study examined the association between CRF and fatal and nonfatal stroke in a large cohort of asymptomatic women and men.

Methods: A total of 46,405 men and 15,282 women without known myocardial infarction or stroke at baseline completed a maximal treadmill exercise test between 1970 and 2001.

Low serum magnesium and cardiovascular mortality in chronic heart failure: a propensity-matched study.

Background: Low serum magnesium levels may cause fatal ventricular arrhythmias. However, their long-term effects on mortality and morbidity in chronic heart failure patients are relatively unknown.

Methods: We studied 1569 chronic systolic and diastolic heart failure patients with normal sinus rhythm who participated in the Digitalis Investigation Group trial and had serum magnesium data available at one month.

Association between muscular strength and mortality in men: prospective cohort study.

Objective: To examine prospectively the association between muscular strength and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in men.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Aerobics centre longitudinal study.

A propensity-matched study of hypertension and increased stroke-related hospitalization in chronic heart failure.

Hypertension is a risk factor for heart failure and stroke. However, the effect of hypertension on stroke in patients with heart failure has not been well studied. In the Digitalis Investigation Group trial, 3,674 (47%) of the 7,788 patients had a history of hypertension.

Race and the natural history of chronic heart failure: a propensity-matched study.

Background: Racial differences in the epidemiology and outcomes of heart failure are well known. However, the association of race with the natural history of heart failure has not been previously studied in a propensity-matched population of chronic heart failure in which all measured baseline patient characteristics are well-balanced between the races.

Methods And Results: Of the 7788 patients with chronic systolic and diastolic heart failure in the Digitalis Investigation Group trial, 1128 were nonwhites.

Uric acid and the development of metabolic syndrome in women and men.

Associations between serum uric acid (UA) levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been reported in cross-sectional studies. Limited information, however, is available concerning the prospective association of UA and the risk of developing MetS. The authors evaluated UA as a risk factor for incident MetS in a prospective study of 8429 men and 1260 women (aged 20-82 years) who were free of MetS and for whom measures of waist girth, resting blood pressure, fasting lipids, and glucose were taken during baseline and follow-up examinations between 1977 and 2003.