Integrated tetrahydroxyphthalocyanine-coated graphene decorated with ionic liquid-functionalized gold nanoparticles for highly sensitive and selective electrochemical determination of ascorbic acid in fruit juices.

Surface functionalization and the combined utilization of zero-dimensional and two-dimensional nanomaterials is an effective method to achieve highly sensitive detection for electrochemical analysis. Using an all-in-one strategy, phthalocyanine, gold nanoparticles, and ionic liquid were successively modified on the graphene surface as a highly integrated electrode modification material. Phthalocyanine can repair the defects of reduced graphene oxide by binding to the graphene structure surface through non-covalent functionalization.