The systemic inflammation response index as risks factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with respiratory sarcopenia.

Background: Respiratory sarcopenia is associated with poor outcomes, yet effective biomarkers for risk stratification remain limited. This study investigates the associations between complete blood count (CBC)-derived inflammatory biomarkers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil-monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (NMLR), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with respiratory sarcopenia.

Methods: We conducted a cohort analysis of 1,673 adults with possible respiratory sarcopenia using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2012, with mortality follow-up through December 31, 2019.

Salt Substitution and Recurrent Stroke and Death: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The direct effect of consumption of salt substitutes on recurrent stroke and mortality among patients with stroke remains unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of salt substitutes vs regular salt on the incidence of recurrent stroke and mortality among patients with stroke.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS), an open-label, cluster randomized clinical trial, was conducted in 600 northern Chinese villages (clusters).

Effectiveness of Different Intervention Modes in Lifestyle Intervention for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes and the Reversion to Normoglycemia in Adults With Prediabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Lifestyle interventions have been acknowledged as effective strategies for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the accessibility of conventional face-to-face interventions is often limited. Digital health intervention has been suggested as a potential solution to overcome the limitation.

Effects of lifestyle interventions on the prevention of type 2 diabetes and reversion to normoglycemia by prediabetes phenotype: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To explore the effects of lifestyle interventions on the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and reversion to normoglycemia by prediabetes phenotype.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of lifestyle interventions in adults with prediabetes for a minimum duration of one year. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and performed quality assessment.

Identify unmet needs in diabetes care in Shandong, China: a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study using cascade of care framework.

Background: The continuum management of diabetes remains under-evaluated in China. This study aimed to estimate the proportions of diabetes adults at each stage of the cascade of care framework in Shandong, China.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis using the 2018 China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) data in Shandong.

Health Claims, Product Features and Instructions for Use on the Labels of Potassium-enriched Salt Products: A Content Analysis.

Background: Potassium-enriched salt is a proven dietary intervention for reducing risk of stroke, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality when used instead of regular table salt. Potassium-enriched salt products are available globally, but the on-pack health claims, product features, and instructions for use are diverse.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to summarize the label features of potassium-enriched salt products available worldwide.

Improvement of Care Cascade for Hypertension and Diabetes in Rural China: Protocol for an Implementation Study.

The management of hypertension and diabetes poses significant challenges to China's healthcare system, necessitating seamless patient progression through screening, diagnosis, management, and control. Utilizing the care cascade model, this study aims to systematically identify patient drop-offs and devise strategies to address healthcare delivery bottlenecks for hypertension and diabetes in rural China. This study consists of three phases.

A qualitative exploration of disseminating research findings among public health researchers in China.

Background: Research dissemination is essential to accelerate the translating of evidence into practice. Little is known about dissemination among Chinese public health researchers. This study aimed to explore the understanding and practices of disseminating research findings and to identify barriers and facilitators that influence dissemination activities to non-research audiences.

The Guidelines for use and promotion of low sodium salt in China.

Aim: Both excessive intake of sodium and inadequate intake of potassium are associated with blood pressure elevation and subsequent increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease, which accounts for the largest number of deaths in China and worldwide. Low sodium salt, a mixture of mainly sodium chloride and potassium chloride, has shown its great potential as a promising population strategy for sodium intake reduction through multiple large-scale, multicenter, randomized controlled trials among populations including patients with cardiovascular disease, individuals with and without hypertension, older and younger adults, and men and women in China and other countries. This Guidelines aims to provide expert recommendations for promotion and use of low sodium salt in China, based on the current available scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness, safety, cost-effectiveness, and acceptability of low sodium salts in various population groups and different application scenarios.

Effectiveness of Multifaceted Strategies to Increase Influenza Vaccination Uptake: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

Importance: Influenza vaccination rates remain low among primary school students and vary by school in Beijing, China. Theory-informed, multifaceted strategies are needed to improve influenza vaccination uptake.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of multifaceted strategies in improving influenza vaccination uptake among primary school students.

Secondary Analysis of the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS): Effects of Potassium-Enriched Salt on Cardiac Outcomes.

Background: The SSaSS (Salt Substitute and Stroke Study) has shown that use of a potassium-enriched salt lowers the risk of stroke, total cardiovascular events, and premature death. The effects on cause-specific cardiac outcomes are reported here.

Methods: SSaSS was an unblinded, cluster-randomised trial assessing the effects of potassium-enriched salt compared with regular salt among 20 995 Chinese adults with established stroke and older age and uncontrolled hypertension.

Safety assessment for nail cosmetics: Framework for the estimation of systemic exposure through the nail plate.

All cosmetics products, including nail care products, must be evaluated for their safety. The assessment of systemic exposure is a key component of the safety assessment. However, data on the exposure, especially via ungual route (nail plate) are limited.

The contribution of sodium reduction and potassium increase to the blood pressure lowering observed in the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study.

The Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS) demonstrated significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP), and the risk of stroke, major cardiovascular events and total mortality with the use of potassium-enriched salt. The contribution of sodium reduction versus potassium increase to these effects is unknown. We identified four different data sources describing the association between sodium reduction, potassium supplementation and change in SBP.

Understanding Gaps in the Hypertension and Diabetes Care Cascade: Systematic Scoping Review.

Background: Hypertension and diabetes are global health challenges requiring effective management to mitigate their considerable burden. The successful management of hypertension and diabetes requires the completion of a sequence of stages, which are collectively termed the care cascade.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to describe the characteristics of studies on the hypertension and diabetes care cascade and identify potential interventions as well as factors that impact each stage of the care cascade.

A Patient with Perioperative Circulatory Cerebral Infarction. Case Presentation and Literature Review.

To explore the risk factors and preventive countermeasures of perioperative cerebral infarction. We reviewed the clinical medical records and anesthesia process of a perioperative stroke patient and reviewed the literature. Perioperative stroke is the result of a combination of multiple factors.

Identifying implementation strategies to address barriers of implementing a school-located influenza vaccination program in Beijing.

Background: The school-located influenza vaccinations (SLIV) can increase influenza vaccination and reduce influenza infections among school-aged children. However, the vaccination rate has remained low and varied widely among schools in Beijing, China. This study aimed to ascertain barriers and facilitators of implementing SLIV and to identify implementation strategies for SLIV quality improvement programs in this context.

Are public health researchers designing for dissemination? Findings from a national survey in China.

Background: Research findings are not always disseminated in ways preferred by audiences, and research dissemination is not always considered a priority by researchers. While designing for dissemination (D4D) provides an active process to facilitate effective dissemination, use of these practices in China is largely unknown. We aimed to describe the designing for dissemination activities and practices among public health researchers in China.

Consumers' Perceptions of the Design of Front-of-Package Warning Labels-A Qualitative Study in China.

The warning label is identified as a simple front-of-package labeling format that assists consumers in making healthier food choices at the point of purchase. The color and/or shape of the design elements of the packaging labels can influence the understanding and purchase intention outcomes. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of consumers regarding differently designed warning labels (WLs) to identify a possibly suitable warning label design in the Chinese context.

Stakeholder perspectives on Nigeria's national sodium reduction program: Lessons for implementation and scale-up.

Background: To reduce excess dietary sodium consumption, Nigeria's 2019 National Multi-sectoral Action Plan (NMSAP) for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases includes policies based on the World Health Organization SHAKE package. Priority actions and strategies include mandatory sodium limits in processed foods, advertising restrictions, mass-media campaigns, school-based interventions, and improved front-of-package labeling. We conducted a formative qualitative evaluation of stakeholders' knowledge, and potential barriers as well as effective strategies to implement these NMSAP priority actions.

The Proportion of Dietary Salt Replaced With Potassium-Enriched Salt in the SSaSS: Implications for Scale-Up.

Background: The SSaSS (Salt Substitute and Stroke Study) recently reported definitive effects of a potassium-enriched salt on cardiovascular outcomes and death. Quantifying the amount of potassium-enriched salt used by trial participants is important for understanding the magnitude of the effect of potassium-enriched salt on risk reduction and how population-wide scale-up might be achieved.

Methods: Baseline and annual 24-hour urine samples were collected from subgroups of participants in SSaSS throughout the 5-year follow-up.