Effects of different crushing methods on the properties and flavor of selenium-enriched sweet potato leaves.

In this study, the physical, chemical, structural, and antioxidant characteristics of selenium (Se)-enriched sweet potato leaves (SSPL) powder produced through shear breaking and superfine grinding were examined. The superfine grinding SSPL powder had a brighter color, smaller particle size, and spherical shape. The superfine grinding SSPL powder showed improved dispersibility and solubility but reduced liquidity.

Radiotherapy dose prediction using off-the-shelf segmentation networks: A feasibility study with GammaPod planning.

Background: Radiotherapy requires precise, patient-specific treatment planning to achieve high-quality dose distributions that improve patient outcomes. Traditional manual planning is time-consuming and clinically impractical for performing necessary plan trade-off comparisons, including treatment modality selection, prescription dose settings, and organ at risk (OAR) constraints. A time-efficient dose prediction tool could accelerate the planning process by guiding clinical plan optimization and adjustments.

An industry perspective on hyaluronidase co-formulated biopharmaceutics.

To deliver biopharmaceutics, subcutaneous (SC) route surpasses intravenous (IV) route unequivocally in time and cost savings, but it has been limited by the injection volume of no greater than 2 mL for a long time. Recently, the adoption of hyaluronidase has become a plausible method to realize high-dose high-volume biopharmaceutical products for SC injection. Among the hyaluronidase family, the recombinant human PH20 appears to be the most reliable candidate with excellent efficacy and safety for co-formulation development.

Use of Carbon Fiber Implants to Improve the Safety and Efficacy of Radiation Therapy for Spine Tumor Patients.

Current standard of care treatment for patients with spine tumors includes multidisciplinary approaches, including the following: (1) surgical tumor debulking, epidural spinal cord decompression, and spine stabilization techniques; (2) systemic chemo/targeted therapies; (3) radiation therapy; and (4) surveillance imaging for local disease control and recurrence. Titanium pedicle screw and rod fixation have become commonplace in the spine surgeon's armamentarium for the stabilization of the spine following tumor resection and separation surgery. However, the high degree of imaging artifacts seen with titanium implants on postoperative CT and MRI scans can significantly hinder the accurate delineation of vertebral anatomy and adjacent neurovascular structures to allow for the safe and effective planning of downstream radiation therapies and detection of disease recurrence.

Single- versus multi-fraction spine stereotactic radiosurgery (ALL-STAR) for patients with spinal metastases: a randomized phase III trial protocol.

Background: For patients with spine metastases, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) provides excellent local control and pain response. Despite increasing use of this treatment modality, there is no consensus on the optimal dose and fractionation of spine SRS for efficacy and toxicity. We have initiated a single-center phase III randomized trial that compares two dose regimens with similar biological equivalent dose (BED) to determine the isolated effect of SRS fractionation on local control.

Efficient and accurate commissioning and quality assurance of radiosurgery beam via prior-embedded implicit neural representation learning.

Background: Dosimetric commissioning and quality assurance (QA) for linear accelerators (LINACs) present a significant challenge for clinical physicists due to the high measurement workload and stringent precision standards. This challenge is exacerbated for radiosurgery LINACs because of increased measurement uncertainty and more demanding setup accuracy for small-field beams. Optimizing physicists' effort during beam measurements while ensuring the quality of the measured data is crucial for clinical efficiency and patient safety.

Autodelineation of Treatment Target Volume for Radiation Therapy Using Large Language Model-Aided Multimodal Learning.

Purpose: Artificial intelligence-aided methods have made significant progress in the auto-delineation of normal tissues. However, these approaches struggle with the auto-contouring of radiation therapy target volume. Our goal was to model the delineation of target volume as a clinical decision-making problem, resolved by leveraging large language model-aided multimodal learning approaches.

Motion analysis comparing surface imaging and diaphragm tracking on kV projections for deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH).

Background: Surface-guided imaging (SGI) is increasingly utilized to monitor patient motion during deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) in radiotherapy. Understanding the association between surface and internal motion is crucial for effective monitoring.

Purpose: To investigate the relation between motion detected by SGI using surface-guided radiotherapy (SGRT) and internal motion measured through diaphragm tracking on kV projections acquired with DIBH for online CBCT.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Residual, Recurrent, and Metastatic Hemangiopericytomas: A Single-Institution Retrospective Experience.

Background And Objectives: Hemangiopericytomas are infrequent vascular tumors originating from Zimmermann pericytes. The conventional treatment involves gross total resection, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Nevertheless, their tendency to infiltrate dural sinuses, high vascularity, and anatomic complexity pose challenges for radical resection, leading to a significant risk of recurrence.

The Role of CyberKnife Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Recurrent Cranial Medulloblastomas across Pediatric and Adult Populations.

: Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. In recent decades, the therapeutic landscape has undergone significant changes, with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) emerging as a promising treatment for recurrent cases. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the long-term efficacy and safety of SRS in recurrent medulloblastomas across both pediatric and adult patients at a single institution.

Where Does Auto-Segmentation for Brain Metastases Radiosurgery Stand Today?

Detection and segmentation of brain metastases (BMs) play a pivotal role in diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up evaluations for effective BM management. Given the rising prevalence of BM cases and its predominantly multiple onsets, automated segmentation is becoming necessary in stereotactic radiosurgery. It not only alleviates the clinician's manual workload and improves clinical workflow efficiency but also ensures treatment safety, ultimately improving patient care.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Ependymoma in Pediatric and Adult Patients: A Single-Institution Experience.

Background And Objectives: Ependymoma is commonly classified as World Health Organization grade 2 with the anaplastic variant categorized as grade 3. Incomplete resection or anaplastic features can result in unfavorable outcomes. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) provides a minimally invasive approach for recurrent ependymomas.

Online quantification of nicotine in e-cigarette aerosols by vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry.

The growing popularity of e-cigarettes and the associated risks of nicotine addiction present a new challenge to global public health security. Measuring the nicotine levels in e-cigarette aerosols is essential to assess the safety of e-cigarettes. In this study, a rapid method was developed for online quantification of nicotine in e-cigarette aerosols by using a homemade vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol mass spectrometer (VUV-AMS).

Exploring Deep Learning for Estimating the Isoeffective Dose of FLASH Irradiation From Mouse Intestinal Histological Images.

Purpose: Ultrahigh-dose-rate (FLASH) irradiation has been reported to reduce normal tissue damage compared with conventional dose rate (CONV) irradiation without compromising tumor control. This proof-of-concept study aims to develop a deep learning (DL) approach to quantify the FLASH isoeffective dose (dose of CONV that would be required to produce the same effect as the given physical FLASH dose) with postirradiation mouse intestinal histology images.

Methods And Materials: Eighty-four healthy C57BL/6J female mice underwent 16 MeV electron CONV (0.

A Review of Recent FDA-Approved Biologic-Device Combination Products.

With the remarkably strong growth of the biopharmaceutical market, an increasing demand for self-administration and rising competitions attract substantial interest to the biologic-device combination products. The ease-of-use of biologic-device combination products can minimize dosing error, improve patient compliance and add value to the life-cycle management of biological products. As listed in the purple book issued by the U.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Cranial and Spinal Hemangioblastomas: A Single-Institution Retrospective Series.

Background And Objectives: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been an attractive treatment modality for both cranial and spinal hemangioblastomas, especially for multiple lesions commonly associated with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. This study aims to provide the largest long-term analysis of treatment efficacy and adverse effects of SRS for cranial and spinal hemangioblastomas at a single institution.

Methods: We evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients with hemangioblastomas treated with CyberKnife SRS at our institute from 1998 to 2022.

Risk factors of positive depression screening during the third trimester of pregnancy in a Chinese tertiary hospital: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Pregnant women experience enormous psychological pressure, particularly during the late trimester. Symptoms of depression in late pregnancy may persist postpartum, increasing the incidence of postpartum depression. This study is aimed to investigate the factors influencing depressive symptoms among pregnant women in their third trimester at a Chinese tertiary hospital and provide information for effective intervention.

Considerations for intensity modulated total body or total marrow and lymphoid irradiation.

We compiled a sampling of the treatment techniques of intensity-modulated total body irradiation, total marrow irradiation and total marrow and lymphoid irradiation utilized by several centers across North America and Europe. This manuscript does not serve as a consensus guideline, but rather is meant to serve as a convenient reference for centers that are considering starting an intensity-modulated program.

Leveraging global binary masks for structure segmentation in medical images.

Deep learning (DL) models for medical image segmentation are highly influenced by intensity variations of input images and lack generalization due to primarily utilizing pixels' intensity information for inference. Acquiring sufficient training data is another challenge limiting models' applications. Here, we proposed to leverage the consistency of organs' anatomical position and shape information in medical images.

Angular correction methodology and characterization of a high-resolution CMOS array for patient specific quality assurance on a robotic arm linac.

Purpose: To develop an angular correction methodology and characterize a high-resolution complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) array for patient specific quality assurance on a robotic arm linear accelerator.

Methods: Beam path files from the treatment planning software (TPS) were used to calculate the angle of radiation beam with respect to the detector plane. Beams from multiple discrete angles were delivered to the CMOS detector array and an angular dependency look up table (LUT) was created.

Willingness to pay for diabetic retinopathy screening in Qujiang District, rural Guangdong, southern China: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To determine willingness to pay for a diabetic retinopathy screening, and its determinants, among people with diabetes mellitus in Qujiang District of Shaoguan City, rural Guangdong, southern China.

Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted through a large-scale screening programme in 2019. We randomly selected 575 (21.

A deep learning approach for automatic delineation of clinical target volume in stereotactic partial breast irradiation (S-PBI).

Accurate and efficient delineation of the clinical target volume (CTV) is of utmost significance in post-operative breast cancer radiotherapy. However, CTV delineation is challenging as the exact extent of microscopic disease encompassed by CTV is not visualizable in radiological images and remains uncertain. We proposed to mimic physicians' contouring practice for CTV segmentation in stereotactic partial breast irradiation (S-PBI) where CTV is derived from tumor bed volume (TBV) via a margin expansion followed by correcting the extensions for anatomical barriers of tumor invasion (e.