Whole-genome resequencing landscape of adaptive evolution in Relict gull (Larus relictus).

Background: The relict gull (Larus relictus, Charadriiformes, Laridae) classified as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List is defined as a first-class national protected bird in China. However, our knowledge of the evolutionary history of L. relictus is limited.

Melodinines J Induces Apoptosis in Temozolomide-Resistant Glioma Cells by Disrupting TMX1-Dependent Homeostasis of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria-Associated Membrane Contacts.

Glioma is recognized as one of the most lethal and aggressive brain tumors. Although the standard-of-care treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) involves maximal surgical resection and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, the discovery of novel anti-tumor agents from nature sources is an effective strategy for glioma treatment. In this study, we conducted a screening process to identify the bisindole alkaloid melodinine J (MDJ) from Melodinus tenuicaudatus.

The compound (E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one alleviates neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202511000-00034/figure1/v/2024-12-20T164640Z/r/image-tiff Previous studies have shown that the compound (E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one (D30), a pyromeconic acid derivative, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, inhibits amyloid-β aggregation, and alleviates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, similar to the phase III clinical drug resveratrol. In this study, we established a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via intracerebroventricular injection of fibrillar amyloid-β to investigate the effect of D30 on fibrillar amyloid-β-induced neuropathology.

Insights Into the Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Different Parts of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS and HS-GC-IMS.

Rationale: The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata (AKH) play a key role in determining its effects such as organoleptic properties, medicinal properties, and consumer preferences. The nonmedicinal parts (roots, fibrous roots, stems, leaves, and shells) in AKH are also rich in VOCs and different degrees of antibacterial activity. Therefore, it is important to comprehensively characterize the VOCs in different parts of AKH and learn about their potential antimicrobial abilities.

Clinical Pharmacist Involved in the Treatment of Pneumonia: A Case Report.

Objective: The first-line treatment for severe pneumonia (PCP) is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ). Here, we report a case involving 6-month-old child with a PCP infection, highlighting the role of clinical pharmacists in providing individualized pharmaceutical care and guidance through the process of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).

Methods: The clinical pharmacist monitored the concentration of TMP/SMZ in the serum, urine and sputum of a 6-month-old child with PCP infection.

Cyclosporine A Protects Podocytes by Regulating Transgelin in Adriamycin-Induced Podocyte Injury.

Introduction: The calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) has been shown to effectively reduce proteinuria. However, its precise mechanism is still not fully understood. Our previous study showed that CsA reduced proteinuria by directly stabilizing the foot process (FP) cytoskeletal structure via cofilin-1, suggesting that synaptopodin, a podocyte-specific actin protein, is not the sole target of CsA in podocytes.

Interactions of oleanane pentacyclic triterpenoids with human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 and 1B3.

Oleanane pentacyclic triterpenoids have been widely used in clinical practice. However, studies on their interactions with hepatic transporters remain limited. In this study, we systematically investigated the inhibitory effects of 14 oleanane pentacyclic triterpenoids on organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 and 1B3 (OATP1B1 and OATP1B3), two liver-specific uptake transporters.

Population pharmacokinetic analysis for dose regimen optimization of vancomycin in Southern Chinese children.

Changes in physiological factors may result in large pharmacokinetic variability of vancomycin in pediatric patients, thereby leading to either supratherapeutic or subtherapeutic exposure and potentially affecting clinical outcomes. This study set out to characterize the disposition of vancomycin, quantify the exposure target and establish an optimal dosage regimen among the Southern Chinese pediatric population. Routine therapeutic drug monitoring data of 453 patients were available.

Cyclohexene oxide CA, a derivative of zeylenone, exhibits anti-cancer activity in glioblastoma by inducing G0/G1 phase arrest through interference with EZH2.

Due to its highly aggressiveness and malignancy, glioblastoma (GBM) urgently requires a safe and effective treatment strategy. Zeylenone, a natural polyoxygenated cyclohexenes compound isolated from , has exhibited potential biological activities in various human diseases, including tumors. We designed and synthesized a series of (+)-Zeylenone analogues and evaluated their anti-GBM roles through structural-activity analysis.

The draft genome of the Temminck's tragopan (Tragopan temminckii) with evolutionary implications.

Background: High-quality genome data of birds play a significant role in the systematic study of their origin and adaptive evolution. The Temminck's tragopan (Tragopan temminckii) (Galliformes, Phasianidae), a larger pheasant, is one of the most abundant and widely distributed species of the genus Tragopan, and was defined as class II of the list of national key protected wild animals in China. The absence of a sequenced genome has restricted previous evolutionary trait studies of this taxa.

Selexipag for the Treatment of Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To systematically evaluate the safety, dosing regimen, and efficacy of selexipag for pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Methods: A literature search of the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar was performed from inception through February 28, 2023. Two reviewers independently searched and evaluated the quality of the studies and pooled data when appropriate.

Mitochondrial genome characteristics of six species and their phylogenetic implication.

The mitochondrial genomes of six species-small insectivores belonging to the Phylloscopidae family-were obtained using the Illumina sequencing platform. The mitogenomes were closed circular molecules 16,922-17,007 bp in size, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and two control regions ( and remnant ). The gene orders were conserved in 35 sampled mitogenomes in the GenBank database, with a gene rearrangement of --------.

Melatonin decreases GSDME mediated mesothelial cell pyroptosis and prevents peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration failure.

Peritoneal fibrosis together with increased capillaries is the primary cause of peritoneal dialysis failure. Mesothelial cell loss is an initiating event for peritoneal fibrosis. We find that the elevated glucose concentrations in peritoneal dialysate drive mesothelial cell pyroptosis in a manner dependent on caspase-3 and Gasdermin E, driving downstream inflammatory responses, including the activation of macrophages.

Integration of non-targeted multicomponent profiling, targeted characteristic chromatograms and quantitative to accomplish systematic quality evaluation strategy of Huo-Xiang-Zheng-Qi oral liquid.

Huo-Xiang-Zheng-Qi oral liquid (HXZQOL) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, with the pharmacologic effects of antiinflammatory, immune protection and gastrointestinal motility regulation. More significantly, HXZQOL is recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, and it has been clinically proven to reduce the inflammatory response in patients with COVID-19. However, the effective and overall quality control of HXZQOL is currently limited due to its complex composition, especially the large amount of volatile and non-volatile active components involved.

An Exploration of Dynamic Changes in the Mulberry Growth Process Based on UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS, HS-SPME-GC-MS, and HS-GC-IMS.

This work was designed to investigate the dynamic changes process of non-volatile organic compounds (n-VOCs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in mulberries during different growth periods using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS, HS-SPME-GC-MS, and HS-GC-IMS. A total of 166 compounds were identified, including 68 n-VOCs and 98 VOCs. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA), random forest analysis (RFA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyze differences in mulberries at different ripening stages.

Combining the Real-Time Vial Sharing Strategy with Daily-Rate Charge Mode for Antimicrobial Drugs of Inpatients: An Economical and Practical Method for Patients and Hospitals.

Background: Antimicrobial agents' wastage is a huge problem, especially for pediatric patients, resulting in excessive drug expenditure and increasing the economic burden on patients' families. Moreover, the cost of disposing of antimicrobial agents' waste and the risk of environmental and occupational exposure also increased. This study aimed to explore the cost-effectiveness of the vial-sharing strategy combined with the daily-rate charge mode for pediatric inpatients to provide a strategy for reducing patients' expenditures, saving medical costs, and reducing drug proportion.

Extensive evaluation of plasma metabolic sample preparation process based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and its application in the in vivo metabolism of Shuang-Huang-Lian powder injection.

Shuang-Huang-Lian powder injection (SHLPI) is a natural drug injection made of honeysuckle, scutellaria baicalensis and forsythia suspensa. It has the characteristics of complex chemical composition and difficult metabolism research in vivo. LC-MS platform has been proven to be an important analytical technology in plasma metabolomics.

Impact of microRNA polymorphisms on high-dose methotrexate-related hematological toxicities in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Objectives: It is well known that transporter and enzyme genes could be regulated by microRNA (miRNA) at the post-transcriptional level, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA, which are involved in the miRNA production and structure, may impact the miRNA expression level and then influence drug transport and metabolism. In this study, we aim to evaluate the association between miRNA polymorphisms and high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) hematological toxicities in Chinese pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Method: A total of 181 children with ALL were administered with 654 evaluable cycles of HD-MTX.

Clinical characteristics and pathogen analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid pathogens in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods: This was a retrospective observational epidemiological study using that elderly cases diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia receiving treatment at the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Technology, Tangshan Hongci Hospital and Tangshan Fengnan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. A total of 92 cases were divided into two groups according to age.

Case Report: Intramural colonic signet ring cell carcinoma presenting as intestinal pseudo-obstruction: A case presentation and review of the literature.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Other than adenocarcinomas, exceptional tumors of the colon and rectum represent a neglected clinical issue due to their rarity. Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare subtype of CRC and has an extremely poor prognosis due to its advanced stage at diagnosis.

Transcriptome of the pygmy grasshopper (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae).

(Zheng, 1982) is a tiny grasshopper endemic to Qinling in China. For further study of its transcriptomic features, we obtained RNA-Seq data by Illumina HiSeq X Ten sequencing platform. Firstly, transcriptomic analysis showed that transcriptome read numbers of two female and one male samples were 25,043,314, 24,429,905, and 25,034,457, respectively.

An improved method to efficiently acquire rice black-streaked dwarf virus viruliferous small brown planthoppers.

Accurate phenotypic identification is the basis of research for resistance genetics and rice breeding for resistance to RBSDV disease. Obtaining rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) viruliferous small brown planthoppers (SBPHs) with high transmission efficiency is an essential part of accurate phenotypic identification. Here, through quantifying number of RBSDV copies in infected rice plants, optimizing times of SBPHs fed on RBSDV-infected rice plants and leaf stage of rice seedlings, a method to acquire an RBSDV-carrying SBPH population more efficiently was improved.