Molecular mechanisms of nano-sized polystyrene plastics induced cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity in Eisenia fetida.

Nanoplastics (NPs) are currently everywhere and environmental pollution by NPs is a pressing global problem. Nevertheless, until now, few studies have concentrated on the mechanisms and pathways of cytotoxic effects and immune dysfunction of NPs on soil organisms employing a multidimensional strategy. Hence, earthworm immune cells and immunity protein lysozyme (LZM) were selected as specific receptors to uncover the underlying mechanisms of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunotoxicity resulting from exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs), and the binding mechanisms of PS-NPs-LZM interaction.

Anticancer Properties and Mechanisms of Singly-Protonated Dehydronorcantharidin Silver Coordination Polymer in a Bladder Cancer Model.

Bladder cancer is the most common malignant urinary system tumor. Chemotherapy is frequently used as a treatment regimen for patients with bladder cancer, however, new and effective drugs for bladder cancer need to be developed. The present study examined the effects and mechanisms of Ag-SP-DNC, a silver and singly-protonated dehydronorcantharidin complex, on bladder cancer and .

In vitro and in vivo anticancer effects of singly protonated dehydronorcantharidin silver coordination polymer in CT-26 murine colon carcinoma model.

Silver complexes are active constituents of the metal-based compounds; several studies suggest that silver complexes possess antimicrobial and anticancer properties. We have recently reported that Ag-SP-DNC, a novel silver and singly protonated dehydronorcantharidin complex, triggers oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis of lung cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of Ag-SP-DNC in CT-26 murine colon carcinoma model.

Investigations on the effects of Cu(2+) on the structure and function of human serum albumin.

Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most prominent protein in blood plasma with important physiological functions. Although copper is an essential metal for all organisms, the massive utilization of copper has led to concerns regarding its potential health impact. To better understand the potential toxicity and toxic mechanisms of Cu(2+), it is of vital importance to characterize the interaction of Cu(2+) with HSA.

Experimental and theoretical studies of the products of addition-elimination reactions between benzil dihydrazone and three isomeric chlorobenzaldehydes.

A series of mono- and di-Schiff bases formed between benzil dihydrazone {BDH; systematic name: (1Z)-[(2E)-2-hydrazinylidene-1,2-diphenylethylidene]hydrazine} and three isomeric chlorobenzaldehydes were designed and synthesized to be used as model compounds to help to explain the reaction mechanisms for the formation of Schiff bases. These compounds are 1-(2-chlorobenzylidene)-2-{2-[2-(2-chlorobenzylidene)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-1,2-diphenylethylidene}hydrazine (BDHOCB), and the 3-chloro (BDHMCB) and 4-chloro (BDHPCB) analogues, all having the formula C28H20Cl2N4. Surprisingly, only di-Schiff bases were obtained; our attempts to push the reaction in favour of the mono-Schiff bases all failed.

Singly protonated dehydronorcantharidin silver coordination polymer induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells via reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway.

Silver complexes have been shown to possess antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Ag-SP-DNC, a novel silver and singly protonated dehydronorcantharidin complex, was synthesized in our previous study. In this study, we offer evidence that Ag-SP-DNC elicits a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in lung cancer cells.

1-(2-Hy-droxy-eth-yl)pyrrole-2,5-dione.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(6)H(7)NO(3), contains two mol-ecules (A and B) related by a non-crystallographic twofold pseudo-axis. The mol-ecules are joined in the (AABB)(n) manner by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between their hy-droxy groups, thus forming C(2) chains along the a-axis direction. Neighboring mol-ecules of the same kind (A and A, or B and B) are related by inversion centers, so that all hy-droxy H atoms are disordered other two sets of sites with half occupancies (superimposed O-H⋯O and O⋯H-O fragments).

exo,exo-4-(2-Hy-droxy-eth-yl)-10-oxa-4-aza-tricyclo-[5.2.1.0]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione.

In the crystal of the title compound, C(10)H(11)NO(4), the hy-droxy group forms an O-H⋯O(carbon-yl) hydrogen bond with an adjacent molecule, so forming chains which extend along (010). Further weak C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding associations give an infinite three-dimensional network structure.

A two-dimensional undulating Ag(I) coordination polymer constructed of Ag-C and Ag-O bonds: poly[[[μ3-(5,6-η):κO(2):κO(2)-(±)-(1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-carboxy-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylato]silver(I)] monohydrate].

The title coordination polymer, {[Ag(C(8)H(7)O(5))]·H(2)O}(n), is built from Ag(+) cations and singly protonated dehydronorcantharidin (SP-DNC) anions, with a distorted trigonal-planar geometry at the metal centre. The coordination number of Ag(I) is three (with one Ag-π bond and two Ag-O bonds, one from each of three different SP-DNC ligands), if only formal Ag-ligand bonds are considered, but can be regarded as five if longer weak Ag···O interactions are also included. The two-dimensional corrugated-sheet coordination polymer forms a non-interpenetrating framework with (4.

Methyl pyrazine-2-carboxyl-ate.

The title compound, C(6)H(6)N(2)O(2), is approximately planar [r.m.s.

4,4'-(Phenyl-imino)dibenzaldehyde.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(20)H(15)NO(2), contains one half-molecule with the central N atom and two C atoms of the benzene moiety lying on a twofold rotation axis. Weak C-H⋯O inter-actions join the mol-ecules together into an infinite three-dimensional network.

Theoretical study on the gas-phase acidity of multiple sites of Cu+-adenine and Cu2+-adenine complexes.

The acidities of multiple sites in Cu(+)-adenine and Cu(2+)-adenine complexes have been investigated theoretically. To compare, the acidities of adenine (A) and adenine radical cation (A(*+)) have also been included. The results clearly indicate that the acidities of C-H and N-H groups in Cu(+/2+)-adenine are significantly enhanced relative to the neutral adenine.

Characterizing the properties of the N7,N9-dimethylguaninium chloride ion pairs: prospecting for the design of a novel ionic liquid.

The structures, infrared spectra, and electronic properties of the N7,N9-dimethylguaninium chloride have been studied. The interaction of one cation with one to four Cl anions and one Cl anion with two cations were investigated. Fifteen stable conformers are obtained.