Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor Based on DNA-Bio-Bar-Code and Hybridization Chain Reaction Dual Signal Amplification for Exosomes Detection.

Exosomes have received considerable attention as potent reference markers for the diagnosis of various neoplasms due to their close and direct relationship with the proliferation, adhesion, and migration of tumor. The ultrasensitive detection of cancer-derived low-abundance exosomes is imperative, but still a great challenge. Herein, we report an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor based on the DNA-bio-bar-code and hybridization chain reaction (HCR)-mediated dual signal amplification for the ultrasensitive detection of cancer-derived exosomes.

Recent Advances in Electrochemiluminescence Biosensors for MicroRNA Detection.

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) as an analytical technology with a perfect combination of electrochemistry and spectroscopy has received considerable attention in bioanalysis due to its high sensitivity and broad dynamic range. Given the selectivity of bio-recognition elements and the high sensitivity of the ECL analysis technique, ECL biosensors are powerful platforms for the sensitive detection of biomarkers, achieving the accurate prognosis and diagnosis of diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial biomarkers involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, whose aberrant expression is often related to serious diseases, especially cancers.

Recent Advances in Near-Infrared-II Fluorescence Imaging for Deep-Tissue Molecular Analysis and Cancer Diagnosis.

Fluorescence imaging with high sensitivity and minimal invasiveness has received tremendous attention, which can accomplish visualized monitoring and evaluation of cancer progression. Compared with the conventional first near-infrared (NIR-I) optical window (650-950 nm), fluorescence imaging in the second NIR optical window (NIR-II, 950-1700 nm) exhibits deeper tissue penetration capability and higher temporal-spatial resolution with lower background interference for achieving deep-tissue in vivo imaging and real-time monitoring of cancer development. Encouraged by the significant preponderances, a variety of multifunctional NIR-II fluorophores have been designed and fabricated for sensitively imaging biomarkers in vivo and visualizing the treatment procedure of cancers.

The Role and Impact of Deep Learning Methods in Computer-Aided Diagnosis Using Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

At present, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) based on deep learning in the medical field has become more extensive and suitable for clinical practice compared with traditional machine learning. The application of traditional machine learning approaches to clinical practice is very challenging because medical data are usually uncharacteristic. However, deep learning methods with self-learning abilities can effectively make use of excellent computing abilities to learn intricate and abstract features.

Two New Prenylated Indole Diterpenoids from Tolypocladium sp. and Their Antimicrobial Activities.

Two new prenylated indole diterpenoids, tolypocladins K and L (1 and 2), together with a known analog terpendole L (3), were isolated from the solid fermentation culture of a mine soil-derived fungus Tolypocladium sp. XL115. Their structures and relative configurations were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, as well as by comparison of their NMR data with those related known compounds.

Emericellins A and B: Two sesquiterpenoids with an unprecedented tricyclo[4,4,2,1]hendecane scaffold from the liquid cultures of endophytic fungus Emericella sp. XL 029.

Two novel sesquiterpenoids with an unprecedented tricyclo[4,4,2,1]hendecane scaffold, namely emericellins A (1) and B (2) representing a new skeleton, were isolated from the liquid cultures of an endophytic fungus Emericella sp. XL 029 associated with the leaves of Panax notoginseng. Their structures and relative configurations were characterized by extensive spectroscopic methods.

Cytochalasan and Tyrosine-Derived Alkaloids from the Marine Sediment-Derived Fungus Westerdykella dispersa and Their Bioactivities.

Six new cytochalasans, designated as 18-oxo-19,20-dihydrophomacin C (1), 18-oxo-19-methoxy-19,20- dihydrophomacin C (2), 18-oxo-19-hydroxyl-19,20-dihydrophomacin C (3), 19,20-dihydrophomacin C (4), 19-methoxy-19,20-dihydrophomacin C (5), 19-hydroxyl-19,20-dihydrophomacin C (6), and one new tyrosine-derived alkaloid named as gymnastatin Z (8), together with two known compounds, phomacin B (7) and triticone D (9), were isolated from a solid-substrate fermentation culture of Westerdykella dispersa which was derived from marine sediments. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis using 1D and 2D NMR techniques, and comparison of NMR data to those of known compounds. The anti-bacterial and cytotoxic activities assays of all isolated compounds were evaluated against eight human pathogenic bacteria and five human cancer cell lines, respectively.

Two new alkylated furan derivatives with antifungal and antibacterial activities from the plant endophytic fungus Emericella sp. XL029.

Two new alkylated furan derivatives, 5-(undeca-3',5',7'-trien-1'-yl)furan-2-ol (1) and 5-(undeca-3',5',7'-trien-1'-yl)furan-2-carbonate (2), were isolated from the crude extract of the plant endophytic fungus Emericella sp. XL029 associated with the leaves of Panax notoginseng. The anti-agricultural pathogenic fungal assay indicated that compound 1 displayed significant activity against all tested fungi with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values from 25 to 3.

New alkenylated tetrahydropyran derivatives from the marine sediment-derived fungus Westerdykella dispersa and their bioactivities.

Six new alkenylated tetrahydropyran derivatives belonged to polyketides, designated as (12R,13R)-dihydroxylanomycinol (1), (12S,13S)-dihydroxylanomycinol (2), (12R,13S)-dihydroxylanomycinol (3) and (12S,13R)-dihydroxylanomycinol (4), (12S,13R)-N-acetyl-dihydroxylanomycin (5) and (12S,13S)-N-acetyl-dihydroxylanomycin (6), together with one related known compound lanomycinol (7) were isolated from the liquid cultures of Westerdykella dispersa obtained from the marine sediments. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined on the basis of extensive analysis of NMR spectra combined with comparison of NMR data to those of known compound, and computational method via calculation of the electronic circular dichroism (ECD). The anti-agricultural pathogenic fungal and antibacterial activities of all isolated compounds were evaluated.