BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis impacts distinct outcomes of time-of-day resistance exercise.

Background: Resistance exercise leads to improved muscle function and metabolic homeostasis. Yet how circadian rhythm impacts exercise outcomes and its molecular transduction remains elusive.

Methods: Human volunteers were subjected to 4 weeks of resistance training protocols at different times of day to assess training outcomes and their associations with myokine irisin.

Serum Medium-Chain Fatty Acids and the Risk of Incident Diabetes: Findings from the 4C Study.

Context: Emerging studies have revealed associations between dietary medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and glucose homeostasis. However, the relationship between serum MCFAs and the incidence of diabetes, and potential interactions with genetic predisposition, remains unclear in prospective cohort studies.

Objective: To investigate associations and genetic susceptibility between serum MCFAs and diabetes risk.

Body size, insulin sensitivity, metabolic health and risk of cardiovascular disease in Chinese adults: Insights from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) study.

Aims: To assess the excess risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with different criteria for metabolic health, and the interplay of body size, insulin sensitivity and metabolic health with CVD risk.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a prospective study involving 115 638 participants from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study. Metabolic health was defined using three different definitions: (1) insulin sensitivity defined by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index; (2) absence of metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria; and (3) simultaneous absence of metabolic abnormalities (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia).

The Association between Educational Attainment and the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Chinese Adults: Findings from the REACTION Study.

Background/aims: : Low educational attainment is a well-established risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in developed areas. However, the association between educational attainment and the risk of NAFLD is less clear in China.

Methods: : A cross-sectional study including over 200,000 Chinese adults across mainland China was conducted.

Efficacy and Safety of Mazdutide in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial.

Objective: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mazdutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist, in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with diet and exercise alone or with stable metformin (glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] 7.0-10.

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Risk of Incident Dementia in Middle-Aged to Older Women: Results from the UK Biobank Cohort Study.

Introduction: The association of serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations with dementia risk remains uncertain in middle-aged to older women. We examined associations of serum SHBG levels with incidence of all-cause dementia and its subtypes in middle-aged to older women from the large population-based UK Biobank cohort study.

Methods: Serum total SHBG levels were measured by immunoassay.

Transferrin receptor levels and its rare variant are associated with human obesity.

Aim: Iron homeostasis is critical for functional respiratory chain complex of mitochondrial, thus potentially contributing to fat biology and energy homeostasis. Transferrin receptor (Tfrc) binds to transferrin for extracellular iron uptake and is recently reported to be involved in brown fat development and functionality. However, whether TFRC levels and variants are associated with human obesity is unknown.

Data-driven subgroups of prediabetes and the associations with outcomes in Chinese adults.

Prediabetes and its pathophysiology remain important issues. We aimed to examine the cluster characteristics of prediabetes and explore their associations with developing diabetes and its complications based on 12 variables representing body fat, glycemic measures, pancreatic β cell function, insulin resistance, blood lipids, and liver enzymes. A total of 55,777 individuals with prediabetes from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) were classified at baseline into six clusters.

Selective PPARγ modulator diosmin improves insulin sensitivity and promotes browning of white fat.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, glucolipid metabolism, and inflammation. Thiazolidinediones are PPARγ full agonists with potent insulin-sensitizing effects, whereas their oral usage is restricted because of unwanted side effects, including obesity and cardiovascular risks. Here, via virtual screening, microscale thermophoresis analysis, and molecular confirmation, we demonstrate that diosmin, a natural compound of wide and long-term clinical use, is a selective PPARγ modulator that binds to PPARγ and blocks PPARγ phosphorylation with weak transcriptional activity.

Neck-to-height ratio is positively associated with diabetic kidney disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of neck circumference (NC) and neck-to-height (NHR) with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: A total of 2,615 patients with prevalent T2DM were enrolled. NHR was calculated through NC (cm) divided by height (cm), and prevalent DKD was defined as the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g or the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min per 1.

The Association of Sarcopenia and Visceral Obesity with Lean Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Few studies have specifically observed the relationship of sarcopenia, visceral obesity, or their joint effects with lean NAFLD in patients with diabetes. We aimed to investigate the associations of lean NAFLD with sarcopenia, visceral obesity, and sarcopenic visceral obesity (SV) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Altogether, 1,112 T2DM patients with BMI <25 kg/m were enrolled, and 33.

Inverse Association of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

We aimed to investigate the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This cross-sectional study included 2667 Chinese patients with T2DM aged 18 to 76 years from March 2017 to October 2021. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and prevalent NAFLD was diagnosed with abdominal ultrasonography.

The Inverse Association of Leg Fat Mass and Osteoporosis in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Independent of Lean Mass.

Purpose: Recent studies revealed that high levels of thigh fat were independently associated with better glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as lower risk of hypertension and cardiometabolic disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between leg fat mass (FM) and osteoporosis (OP) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Patients And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1,259 individuals aged 50 years or older with T2DM (female 536, male 723) were included.

Effect of aerobic exercise as a treatment on type 2 diabetes mellitus with depression-like behavior zebrafish.

Background: Depression is the most known complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aerobic exercise improves glycemic control in T2DM, although the underlying mechanisms of comorbid depression-like behaviors in T2DM have not yet been fully elucidated.

Methods: 120 zebrafish were randomly assigned to four groups: Control, T2DM, T2DM + metformin, and T2DM + aerobic exercise.

Antibiotic Azithromycin inhibits brown/beige fat functionality and promotes obesity in human and rodents.

Obesity, a metabolic disease caused by multiple factors, has become a global health problem. In addition to nutrient intake and sedentary lifestyle, environmental pollutants exposure has been shown to be involved in obesity epidemics. Antibiotics, a new type of environmental pollutant, have been widely used in animal husbandry, aquaculture and microorganism.

Combined berberine and probiotic treatment as an effective regimen for improving postprandial hyperlipidemia in type 2 diabetes patients: a double blinded placebo controlled randomized study.

Non-fasting lipidemia (nFL), mainly contributed by postprandial lipidemia (PL), has recently been recognized as an important cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk as fasting lipidemia (FL). PL serves as a common feature of dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), albeit effective therapies targeting on PL were limited. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether the therapy combining probiotics (Prob) and berberine (BBR), a proven antidiabetic and hypolipidemic regimen via altering gut microbiome, could effectively reduce PL in T2D and to explore the underlying mechanism.

First-degree family history of diabetes is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease independent of glucose metabolic status.

Background: The first-degree relatives of patients with diabetes (FDRs) share a common genetic background with patients with diabetes. Insulin resistance is recognized as a common contributor to diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study aimed to investigate the association between a first-degree family history of diabetes (FHD) and NAFLD and the influence of glucose metabolic status.

Combination Usage of AdipoCount and Image-Pro Plus/ImageJ Software for Quantification of Adipocyte Sizes.

In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity has been rising. One of the major characteristics of obesity is fat accumulation, including hyperplasia (increase in number) and hypertrophy (increase in size). After histological staining, it is critical to accurately measure the number and size of adipocytes for assessing the severity of obesity in a timely fashion.

A Clinical Epidemiological Analysis of Prognostic Nutritional Index Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is an effective tool to evaluate the nutritional conditions and predict prognosis, but clinical data are limited for the use of PNI in diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aimed to investigate the relationship of PNI with the prevalence and severity of DR in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Patients And Methods: This cross-sectional analysis enrolled 1023 individuals with T2DM hospitalized between 2017-2020.