Microfluidics is an interdisciplinary field that combines knowledge from various disciplines, including biology, chemistry, sports medicine, fluid dynamics, kinetic biomechanics, and microelectronics, to manipulate and control fluids and particles in micron-scale channels and chambers. These channels and chambers can be fabricated using different materials and methods to achieve various geometries and shapes. Microfluidics has numerous biomedical applications, such as drug encapsulation, nanoparticle preparation, cell targeting, analysis, diagnosis, and treatment of sports injuries in both professional and non-professional athletes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Cognitive Map Theory predicts that the hippocampus (HPC) plays a specialized, time-invariant role in supporting allocentric spatial memory, while Standard Consolidation Theory makes the competing prediction that the HPC plays a time-limited role, with more remote memories gaining independence of HPC function. These theories, however, are largely informed by the results of laboratory-based tests that are unlikely to simulate the demands of representing real-world environments in humans. Validation of these theories is further limited by an overall focus on spatial memory of newly encountered environments and on individuals with extensive lesions to the HPC and to surrounding medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn
May 2023
It is a prevailing theoretical claim that path integration is the primary means of developing global spatial representations. However, this claim is at odds with reported difficulty to develop global spatial representations of a multiscale environment using path integration. The current study tested a new hypothesis that locally similar but globally misaligned rooms interfere with path integration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn
May 2023
Spatial updating based on self-motion cues is important to navigation in the absence of familiar landmarks. Previous studies showed that spatial updating without vision was automatic. The goal of the current study was to investigate whether ambiguous orientations indicated by visual cues affect spatial updating based on self-motion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn
June 2022
This study investigated to what extent people can develop global spatial representations of a multiroom environment through one-shot physical walking between rooms. In Experiment 1, the participants learned objects' locations in one room of an immersive virtual environment. They were blindfolded and led to walk to a testing position either within the same room (within-boundary) or in an adjacent novel room (across-boundary).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study examined cue combination of self-motion and landmark cues in goal-localisation. In an immersive virtual environment, before walking a two-leg path, participants learned the locations of three goal objects (one at the path origin, that is, home) and landmarks. After walking the path without seeing landmarks or goals, participants indicated the locations of the home and non-home goals in four conditions: (1) path integration only, (2) landmarks only, (3) both path integration and the landmarks, and (4) path integration and rotated landmarks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn
September 2021
This study examined functions of self-motion and visual cues in updating people's actual headings in multiscale spaces. In an immersive virtual environment, the participants learned objects' locations inside two misaligned rectangular rooms by locomoting within and between the rooms. In each testing trial, the participants locomoted to adopt an actual perspective in one room, and then they judged relative direction to a target from an imagined perspective in the other room (remote perspective taking).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study investigated to what extent humans can encode spatial relations between different surfaces (i.e., floor, walls, and ceiling) in a three-dimensional (3D) space and extend their headings on the floor to other surfaces when locomoting to walls (pitch 90°) and the ceiling (pitch 180°).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn
December 2020
This study investigated when the Bayesian cue combination of piloting and path integration occurs in human homing behaviors. The Bayesian cue combination was hypothesized to occur in estimating the home location or self-localization. In Experiment 1, the participants learned the locations of 5 objects (1 located at the learning position) in the presence of distal landmarks before walking a 2-leg path without viewing the landmarks and objects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn
January 2020
This study investigated the extent to which people can develop a global representation of local environments through across-boundary navigation. Participants learned objects' locations in two misaligned rectangular rooms in an immersive virtual environment. After learning, they adopted a local view in one room and judged directions of objects within the room; the views in two consecutive trials were from different rooms and locally or globally consistent (priming task).
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