Prediction of hemorrhagic transformation via pre-treatment CT radiomics in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving endovascular therapy.

Objective: This study aimed to extract radiomics features (RFs) from pre-treatment CT scans in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and to establish a radiomics model to predict hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after endovascular therapy (EVT).

Methods: A total of 105 patients who were diagnosed with AIS [with occlusion of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and/or internal carotid artery] and received EVT were enrolled. They were randomly divided into the development cohort ( = 73) and the validation cohort ( = 32).

Radiomics analysis for predicting malignant cerebral edema in patients undergoing endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke.

Purpose: Radiomics analysis is a promising image analysis technique. This study aims to extract a radiomics signature from baseline computed tomography (CT) to predict malignant cerebral edema (MCE) in patients with acute anterior circulation infarction after endovascular treatment (EVT).

Methods: In this retrospective study, 111 patients underwent EVT for acute ischemic stroke caused by middle cerebral artery (MCA) and/or internal carotid artery occlusion.

MRI-based radiomics nomogram in patients with high-risk placenta accreta spectrum: can it aid in the prenatal diagnosis of intraoperative blood loss?

Purpose: To develop and validate the nomogram by combining MRI-derived radiomics and clinical features for preoperatively predicting massive intraoperative blood loss (IBL) in high-risk placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) patients.

Methods: A total of 152 high-risk PAS patients from Hospital A were enrolled and constituted the training cohort, and 64 patients from Hospital B constituted the validation cohort. Clinical features were analyzed retrospectively.

Progresses and Prospects of Neuroprotective Agents-Loaded Nanoparticles and Biomimetic Material in Ischemic Stroke.

Ischemic stroke remains the leading cause of death and disability, while the main mechanisms of dominant neurological damage in stroke contain excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The clinical application of many neuroprotective agents is limited mainly due to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), short half-life and low bioavailability. These disadvantages can be better eliminated/reduced by nanoparticle as the carrier of these drugs.

A New Classification System for Postinterventional Cerebral Hyperdensity: The Influence on Hemorrhagic Transformation and Clinical Prognosis in Acute Stroke.

Background: Postinterventional cerebral hyperdensity (PCHD) is commonly seen in acute ischemic patients after mechanical thrombectomy. We propose a new classification of PCHD to investigate its correlation with hemorrhagic transformation (HT). The clinical prognosis of PCHD was further studied.

The Structure and Function of the Glycocalyx and Its Connection With Blood-Brain Barrier.

The vascular endothelial glycocalyx is a dense, bush-like structure that is synthesized and secreted by endothelial cells and evenly distributed on the surface of vascular endothelial cells. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is mainly composed of pericytes endothelial cells, glycocalyx, basement membranes, and astrocytes. The glycocalyx in the BBB plays an indispensable role in many important physiological functions, including vascular permeability, inflammation, blood coagulation, and the synthesis of nitric oxide.

Developing a model for estimating infarction onset time based on computed tomography radiomics in patients with acute middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Background: Radiomics analysis is a newly emerging quantitative image analysis technique. The aim of this study was to extract a radiomics signature from the computed tomography (CT) imaging to determine the infarction onset time in patients with acute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

Methods: A total of 123 patients with acute MCAO in the M1 segment (85 patients in the development cohort and 38 patients in the validation cohort) were enrolled in the present study.

The Role of Preoperative Computed Tomography Radiomics in Distinguishing Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Parotid Gland.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate an integrated prediction model based on clinicoradiological data and computed tomography (CT)-radiomics for differentiating between benign and malignant parotid gland (PG) tumors multicentre cohorts.

Materials And Methods: A cohort of 87 PG tumor patients from hospital #1 who were diagnosed between January 2017 and January 2020 were used for prediction model training. A total of 378 radiomic features were extracted from a single tumor region of interest (ROI) of each patient on each phase of CT images.

Clinical efficacy of phentolamine in the treatment of feeding intolerance in premature infants with low birth weight.

Objective: To discuss the clinical efficacy of phentolamine in the treatment of feeding intolerance in premature infants with low birth weight.

Methods: Seventy-one low-birth-weight infants with feeding intolerance were randomly divided into the phentolamine group and the erythromycin group (38 patients and 33 patients, respectively). The infants were given basic treatment, such as gastric lavage, temporary fasting, nutritional support and abdominal massage.

Prediction of Malignant Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction via Computed Tomography Radiomics.

Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (mMCAi) is a serious complication of cerebral infarction usually associated with poor patient prognosis. In this retrospective study, we analyzed clinical information as well as non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) data from patients with cerebral infarction in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory acquired within 24 h from symptoms onset. Then, we aimed to develop a model based on the radiomics signature to predict the development of mMCAi in cerebral infarction patients.

In Vivo Targeted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Endogenous Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Rodent Brain.

Neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain have a significant level of neurogenesis plasticity. In vivo monitoring of adult endogenous NSCs would be of great benefit to the understanding of the neurogenesis plasticity under normal and pathological conditions. Here we show the feasibility of in vivo targeted MR imaging of endogenous NSCs in adult mouse brain by intraventricular delivery of monoclonal anti-CD15 antibody conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.

In vivo monitoring of neural stem cells after transplantation in acute cerebral infarction with dual-modal MR imaging and optical imaging.

Stem cell therapies are promising strategies for the treatment of stroke. However, their clinical translation has not been fully realized due, in part, to insufficient ability to track stem cell migration and survival longitudinally over long periods of time in vivo. In this work, we synthesized a new class of manometer-sized cationic polymersomes loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots for in vivo dual-modal imaging of stem cells.

MR imaging and T2 measurements in peripheral nerve repair with activation of Toll-like receptor 4 of neurotmesis.

Objective: To investigate the role of MR imaging in neurotmesis combined with surgical repair and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation.

Methods: Forty-eight rats received subepineurial microinjection of the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS, n = 24) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS, n = 24) immediately after surgical repair of the transected sciatic nerve. Sequential fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging and quantitative T2 measurements were obtained at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after surgery, with histologic assessments performed at regular intervals.

Peripheral nerve repair: monitoring by using gadofluorine M-enhanced MR imaging with chitosan nerve conduits with cultured mesenchymal stem cells in rat model of neurotmesis.

Purpose: To observe the longitudinal changes of nerve repair in rats after tissue-engineered construct implantation at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to determine whether the enhanced nerve regeneration with use of tissue-engineered constructs could be monitored with gadofluorine M-enhanced MR imaging or nerve T2 relaxation time measurement.

Materials And Methods: All experimental protocols were approved by the institutional Animal Use and Care Committee. Tissue-engineered constructs were prepared by seeding mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into chitosan nerve tubes.

In vivo MRI monitoring nerve regeneration of acute peripheral nerve traction injury following mesenchymal stem cell transplantation.

Objective: To assess the continuous process of nerve regeneration in acute peripheral nerve traction injury treated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation using MRI.

Materials And Methods: 1 week after acute nerve traction injury was established in the sciatic nerve of 48 New Zealand white rabbits, 5×10(5) MSCs and vehicle alone were grafted to the acutely distracted sciatic nerves each in 24 animals. Serial MRI and T1 and T2 measurements of the injured nerves were performed with a 1.