Amide proton transfer and apparent diffusion coefficient analysis reveal susceptibility of brain regions to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Purpose: To identify brain regions affected by Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates using Amide Proton Transfer (APT) imaging and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC).

Materials And Methods: Twenty neonates were divided into HIE and control groups. All neonates were undergoing MRI, including APT and DWI.

Multimodal imaging of congenital pyriform fossa fistula in children.

Objective: Our aim was to explore the clinical value of multimodal imaging examinations in the diagnosis of congenital pyriform fossa fistula in children, so as to provide clues for the early diagnosis and treatment of congenital pyriform fossa fistula.

Methods: The clinical and imaging data of 55 children with pyriform fossa fistula diagnosed surgically in our hospital from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. All 55 patients underwent a CT scan.

Quantitative muscle ultrasound in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Comparing to magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: There is a need today for favorable biomarkers to follow up on the disease progression and therapeutic response in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). This study evaluates whether quantitative muscle ultrasound (QMUS) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more suitable for the assessment of DMD in China.

Methods: Thirty-six boys with DMD, who were treated with prednisone from baseline to month 12, were enrolled in this longitudinal, observational cohort study.

Almost misdiagnosed Menkes disease: A case report.

Background: Menkes disease is a disorder of copper metabolism and which follows a progressive degeneration of brain. It is a rare X-linked recessive disorder that results from mutations in ATP7A gene. The early diagnosis of Menkes disease is critical to patients' prognosis.

Erratum: Author Correction: Advancing COVID-19 diagnosis with privacy-preserving collaboration in artificial intelligence.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s42256-021-00421-z.].

Advancing COVID-19 diagnosis with privacy-preserving collaboration in artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence provides a promising solution for streamlining COVID-19 diagnoses; however, concerns surrounding security and trustworthiness impede the collection of large-scale representative medical data, posing a considerable challenge for training a well-generalized model in clinical practices. To address this, we launch the Unified CT-COVID AI Diagnostic Initiative (UCADI), where the artificial intelligence (AI) model can be distributedly trained and independently executed at each host institution under a federated learning framework without data sharing. Here we show that our federated learning framework model considerably outperformed all of the local models (with a test sensitivity/specificity of 0.

Advancing COVID-19 Diagnosis with Privacy-Preserving Collaboration in Artificial Intelligence.

Artificial intelligence (AI) provides a promising substitution for streamlining COVID-19 diagnoses. However, concerns surrounding security and trustworthiness impede the collection of large-scale representative medical data, posing a considerable challenge for training a well-generalised model in clinical practices. To address this, we launch the Unified CT-COVID AI Diagnostic Initiative (UCADI), where the AI model can be distributedly trained and independently executed at each host institution under a federated learning framework (FL) without data sharing.

Allergic Asthma-Induced Cognitive Impairment is Alleviated by Dexamethasone.

Allergic asthma is a typical chronic inflammatory disease of respiratory tract. Clinical data shows that patients with allergic asthma have different degrees of cognitive dysfunction. The molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of asthma-induced cognitive disorder is not yet well defined.

Quantitative assessment of COVID-19 pneumonia in neonates using lung ultrasound score.

Background: Lung ultrasound (LUS) and lung ultrasound score (LUSS) have been successfully used to diagnose neonatal pneumonia, assess the lesion distribution, and quantify the aeration loss. The present study design determines the diagnostic value of LUSS in the semi-quantitative assessment of pneumonia in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) neonates.

Methods: Eleven COVID-19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 infection and 11 age- and gender-matched controls were retrospectively studied.

Features Discriminating COVID-19 From Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Pediatric Patients.

To discuss the different characteristics of clinical, laboratory and chest computed tomography (CT) between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in pediatric patients. We retrospectively retrieved data of inpatients with COVID-19 from January 21st to March 14th, 2020, and CAP from November 1st, 2019 to December 31st, 2019 in Wuhan Children's Hospital. We divided CAP into mycoplasma pneumonia and other viral pneumonia.

Overview of chest involvement at computed tomography in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Background: Chest computed tomography (CT) findings in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been rarely reported in a comprehensive and systematic manner.

Objective: We investigated the chest CT findings in children with COVID-19, and explored the differences in these findings between symptomatic patients and asymptomatic patients.

Materials And Methods: Demographic findings, clinical characteristics, duration of hospital stay and viral shedding, and chest CT findings in 201 children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) were retrospectively analyzed from January 15 to March 20, 2020, and divided into two groups: symptomatic group (n=136) and asymptomatic group (n=65).

Association of Web-Based Physical Education With Mental Health of College Students in Wuhan During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has affected people's health worldwide. For college students, web-based physical education is a challenge, as these course are normally offered outdoors.

Objective: The aim of this study was to use data from a web-based survey to evaluate the relationship between the mental health status of college students and their sports-related lifestyles.

Be aware of acute kidney injury in critically ill children with COVID-19.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of critically ill adult patients with COVID-19. However, currently, no studies investigate kidney impairment in children with COVID-19. We investigated incidence and treatment of AKI in pediatric patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan Children's Hospital during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss possible mechanisms of AKI related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

A collaborative online AI engine for CT-based COVID-19 diagnosis.

Artificial intelligence can potentially provide a substantial role in streamlining chest computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of COVID-19 patients. However, several critical hurdles have impeded the development of robust AI model, which include deficiency, isolation, and heterogeneity of CT data generated from diverse institutions. These bring about lack of generalization of AI model and therefore prevent it from applications in clinical practices.

Dihydroartemisinin Ameliorates Learning and Memory in Alzheimer's Disease Through Promoting Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion and Autolysosomal Degradation for Aβ Clearance.

Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is an active metabolite of sesquiterpene trioxane lactone extracted from Artemisia annua, which is used to treat malaria worldwide. DHA can activate autophagy, which is the main mechanism to remove the damaged cell components and recover the harmful or useless substances from eukaryotic cells and maintain cell viability through the autophagy lysosomal degradation system. Autophagy activation and autophagy flux correction are playing an important neuroprotective role in the central nervous system, as they accelerate the removal of toxic protein aggregates intracellularly and extracellularly to prevent neurodegenerative processes, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection: Different points from adults.

Purpose: To discuss the different characteristics of clinical, laboratory, and chest computed tomography (CT) in pediatric patients from adults with 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection.

Methods: The clinical, laboratory, and chest CT features of 20 pediatric inpatients with COVID-19 infection confirmed by pharyngeal swab COVID-19 nucleic acid test were retrospectively analyzed during 23 January and 8 February 2020. The clinical and laboratory information was obtained from inpatient records.

Frequency-Specific Changes of Resting Brain Activity in Parkinson's Disease: A Machine Learning Approach.

The application of resting state functional MRI (RS-fMRI) in Parkinson's disease (PD) was widely performed using standard statistical tests, however, the machine learning (ML) approach has not yet been investigated in PD using RS-fMRI. In current study, we utilized the mean regional amplitude values as the features in patients with PD (n = 72) and in healthy controls (HC, n = 89). The t-test and linear support vector machine were employed to select the features and make prediction, respectively.

Identification and characterization of novel mutations in MOGS in a Chinese patient with infantile spams.

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by the defects in the synthesis and processing of glycoproteins. CDG is caused by mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase (MOGS) deficiency, and is an extremely rare type, and only six patients have been reported. Here, we report a patient from China with facial dysmorphism, infantile spams, developmental delay, low vison, and abnormal liver function and low immunoglobulin.

Distribution and expression of Pen-2 in the central nervous system of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice.

The γ-secretase complex catalyzes the final cleavage step of amyloid β-protein precursor (APP) to generate amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, a pathogenic component of senile plaques in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Recent studies have shown that presenilin enhancer-2 (Pen-2), presenilin (PS, including PS1 and PS2), nicastrin, and anterior pharynx-defective 1 are essential components of the γ-secretase. The structure and function of Pen-2 in vitro have been well defined.

Three-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for the diagnosis of biliary atresia in infants and neonates.

Background And Objective: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is widely accepted for visualization of the biliary system. However, the sensitivity and specificity of MRCP for the diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) are still not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of three-dimensional MRCP (3D-MRCP) for BA in a large cohort of cholestatic infants and neonates.