Sustainable bioactive hydrogels for organic contaminant elimination in wastewater.

Immobilized enzyme bioremediation is a promising technique for eliminating pollutants to alleviate water scarcity pressure but is severely hindered by poor enzymatic activity and stability. An effective charge-assisted H-bonding approach is developed to achieve high laccase loading and enzymatic activity on bio(cellulose)-based hydrogels. Notably, this strategy can be readily extended to lipase and catalase.

Circulating short-chain and branched short-chain fatty acids and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: findings from the 4C study.

Previous studies suggested that fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched short-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are associated with glucose regulation. However, the potential relationship between circulating SCFAs and BCFAs with incident diabetes risk in both men and women remains unidentified in prospective cohort studies. In this study, we examined a panel of nine serum SCFAs and BCFAs in 3414 subjects with incident diabetes, and matched normoglycemic controls from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort study.

A High-Modulus Dual-Cross-Linked Shell Promoting Phosphorus-Carbon Composites for Stable and High-Rate Lithium Ion Storage.

Phosphorus is considered an ideal anode material for lithium ion storage by virtue of its high theoretical capacity and moderate lithiation potential. However, issues such as large volume expansion of phosphorus leading to an electrical loss of contact and instability of the solid electrolyte interface hinder its practical performance. Improvement strategies that can effectively suppress volume expansion and provide stable electrical contacts are urgently needed.

High-transition-temperature paraffin integration in IFAST device for efficient and robust nucleic acid extraction and detection.

Infectious diseases are prevalent in resource-limited regions with restricted access to health care. Nucleic acid testing is the gold standard for pathogen diagnosis. However, traditional methods are resource-intensive, which limits their use in point-of-care settings.

A Narrative Review on Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes: Global Trends and Diagnostic Approaches.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects many people, with both its incidence and prevalence rising globally. Diabetes can lead to various complications, among which cognitive impairment in diabetic patients significantly impacts their daily life and blood glucose management, complicating treatment and worsening prognosis. Therefore, the early diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment are essential to ensure the health of diabetic patients.

A new mechanism in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head and the protective role of simvastatin.

Objective: Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a debilitating bone condition associated with femoral head collapse and hip joint dysfunction. The pathogenesis of SONFH is still not fully elucidated. This study aims to explore the role of mitochondrial cardiolipin metabolism disruption in SONFH and the potential protective effects of simvastatin (SIM).

Association of body roundness index with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality among Chinese adults.

Aims: To determine the impact of body roundness index (BRI) on the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in Chinese adults.

Materials And Methods: We utilized data from a nationwide prospective cohort of 165 785 Chinese adults (aged ≥40 years, free of CVD and cancer at baseline), which was extracted from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C). Cox regression and restricted cubic splines quantified BRI-outcome associations and identified optimal BRI cutoffs.

Effect of acupuncture on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and frequently occurring disease that seriously endangers health, causing a heavy economic burden on patients and society. Acupuncture has been reported to have a therapeutic effect on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, compared with medications, it is difficult to identify a superior therapy.

Breeding of lactic acid-tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on atmospheric and room temperature plasma technology and automatic high-throughput microbial microdroplet culture system.

The high concentration of lactic acid produced during the solid fermentation of Chinese Baijiu inhibited the growth and metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, thus affecting the flavor and quality of Baijiu. This study employed a combination of Atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) and Automatic high-throughput microbial microdroplet culture system (MMC) to screen S. cerevisiae capable of tolerating high concentrations of lactic acid.

Combined therapy of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells and scalp acupuncture alleviates brain damage in a rat model of cerebral palsy.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a prevalent cause of physical disability in children, often resulting from hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, with current therapies often failing to address the underlying pathophysiology. This study aimed to investigate the potential synergistic effects of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) combined with scalp acupuncture in a rat model of CP.

Methods: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, CP, hAMSCs, and hAMSCs+scalp acupuncture (hAMSCs+AP).

Exploring age and gender disparities in cardiometabolic phenotypes and lipidomic signatures among Chinese adults: a nationwide cohort study.

Understanding sex disparities in modifiable risk factors across the lifespan is essential for crafting individualized intervention strategies. We aim to investigate age-related sex disparity in cardiometabolic phenotypes in a large nationwide Chinese cohort. A total of 254,670 adults aged 40 years or older were selected from a population-based cohort in China.

Dapagliflozin plus calorie restriction for remission of type 2 diabetes: multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the effect of dapagliflozin plus calorie restriction on remission of type 2 diabetes.

Design: Multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial.

Setting: 16 centres in mainland China from 12 June 2020 to 31 January 2023.

Flexible Site-Specific Labeling-Mediated Self-Assembly Sensor Based on Quantum Dots and LUMinescent AntiBody Sensor for Duplexed Detection of Antibodies.

Over recent years, the LUMinescent AntiBody Sensor (LUMABS) system, utilizing bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), has emerged as a highly effective method for antibody detection. This system incorporates NanoLuc (Nluc) as the donor and fluorescent protein (FP) as the acceptor. However, the limited Stokes shift of FP poses a challenge, as it leads to significant spectral cross-talk between the excitation and emission spectra.

The Promising Potency of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in the Prevention of and as Treatment for Cognitive Impairment Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), accounting for the majority of diabetes mellitus prevalence, is associated with an increased risk of cognition decline and deterioration of cognition function in diabetic patients. The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), located in the renal proximal tubule, plays a role in urine glucose reabsorption. SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), have shown potential benefits beyond cardiac and renal improvement in preventing and treating cognitive impairment (CI), including mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in T2DM patients.

BMAL1 ameliorates type 2 diabetes-induced cognitive impairment via AREG upregulation and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway activation.

Cognitive impairment is a significant complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanisms underlying the development of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with T2DM remain elusive. Herein, we discussed the role of Bmal1, a core circadian rhythm-regulating gene, in the process of T2DM-associated cognitive dysfunction.

Large-Scale Plasma Proteomics Improves Prediction of Peripheral Artery Disease in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a significant complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet the association between plasma proteomics and PAD in people with T2D remains unclear. We aimed to explore the relationship between plasma proteomics and PAD in individuals with T2D, and assess whether proteomics could refine PAD risk prediction.

Research Design And Methods: This cohort study included 1,859 individuals with T2D from the UK Biobank.

The modified role including mediating and synergistic interactive effects of glucose tolerance status in the associations between relative fat mass and the risks of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality from the 4C cohort study.

Background: To investigate the associations between relative fat mass (RFM) and clinical outcomes in different glucose tolerance statuses and the modified effect of glucose tolerance status.

Methods: We analyzed 8,224 participants from a Chinese cohort study, who were classified into normal glucose status (NGT), prediabetes, and diabetes. Outcomes included fatal, nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and all-cause mortality.

Gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk: an observational and Mendelian randomization study.

This study aimed to comprehensively examine the association of gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to estimate the observational associations of gallstones and cholecystectomy with cancer risk, using data from a nationwide cohort involving 239 799 participants. General and gender-specific two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was further conducted to assess the causalities of the observed associations.

Association between estimated glucose disposal rate and kidney function decline in different glucose tolerance statuses from the 4 C study.

Aims: To investigate the association between estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) and kidney function decline among populations with different glucose tolerance statuses including normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes, and diabetes.

Methods: The present study analyzed 5,069 participants from a cohort study. The association between eGDR and kidney function decline was assessed using binary logistic regression.

The mediating role of remnant cholesterol in the associations of Angiopoietin-like 8 with all-cause, CVD, and cancer death: the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) study.

Purpose: To investigate the potential mediating effect of remnant cholesterol (RC) in the associations between angiopoietin-like 8 (ANGPTL8) and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer death.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 3278 individuals from China. Binary logistic regression and mediation analyses were conducted to investigate the mediating effect of RC in the associations between ANGPTL8 and all-cause, CVD, and cancer death.

Associations of physiologic subtypes based on HOMA2 indices of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity with the risk of kidney function decline, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality from the 4C study.

Background: Previous studies have been limited by their inability to differentiate between the effects of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function on the risk of kidney function decline, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all-cause mortality. To address this knowledge gap, we aimed to investigate whether the physiological subtypes based on homeostasis model assessment-2 (HOMA2) indices of β-cell function (HOMA2-B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-S) could be used to identify individuals with subsequently high or low of clinical outcome risk.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 7,317 participants with a follow-up of up to 5 years.

Consolidating the Oxygen Reduction with Sub-Polarized Graphitic Fe-N Atomic Sites for an Efficient Flexible Zinc-Air Battery.

The effectuation of the Zn-air battery (ZAB) is appealing for active and durable catalysts to kinetically drive the sluggish cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Atomic metal-N-C sites are widely witnessed with Pt-like activity, but their demetalations still severely restrict the durability in ORR. Here we have profiled an ordered hierarchical porous carbon supported Fe-N single-atom (FeNC) catalyst by a template derivation method for efficient ORR and flexible ZAB studies.

Effects of E2 on the IDO1-mediated metabolic KYN pathway in OVX female mice.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of 17β-estradiol (E2)-mediated oestrogen receptor (ER) in modulating the depressive-like behaviours of ovariectomy (OVX) mice and the associated mechanisms. E2 was administrated in OVX mice. The behaviour and physiological changes of OVX mice including immobility time in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST), levels of serum E2, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress factors, indoleamine2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and the neurotransmitters mediated by IDO1 activation were then recorded.

The role of dietary inflammatory index in metabolic diseases: the associations, mechanisms, and treatments.

In recent years, the prevalence of metabolic diseases has increased significantly, posing a serious threat to global health. Chronic low-grade inflammation is implicated in the development of most metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, serving as a link between diet and these conditions. Increasing attention has been directly toward dietary inflammatory patterns that may prevent or ameliorate metabolic diseases.

Promoting nitrogen-doped porous phosphorus spheres for high-rate lithium storage.

Phosphorus anode has shown great potential for the high-rate and high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, it still suffers from possible electrode cracking, ion-transport restrictions, and active-particle decomposition resulting from repeated alloying/de-alloying. To address the aforementioned issues, a nitrogen-doped flower-like porous phosphorus (f-P) sphere has been developed.