Chronic bee paralysis virus exploits host antimicrobial peptides and alters gut microbiota composition to facilitate viral infection.

The significance of gut microbiota in regulating animal immune response to viral infection is increasingly recognized. However, how chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) exploits host immune to disturb microbiota for its proliferation remains elusive. Through histopathological examination, we discovered that the hindgut harbored the highest level of CBPV, and displayed visible signs of damages.

Two Pathogenic Fungi Isolated From Chalkbrood Samples and Honey Bee Viruses They Carried.

and some species are the main pathogenic fungi of honey bee, and is the pathogen of chalkbrood disease. However, the infection mechanism of them is incompletely known and it is still unclear whether other factors impact their pathogenesis. In this study, were obtained from the chalkbrood bee samples for the first time.

Antibiotic Treatment Decrease the Fitness of Honeybee () Larvae.

Symbiotic bacteria could increase the nutrient provision, regulate the physiological state, and promote immunity in their insect host. Honeybee larvae harbor plenty of bacteria in their gut, but their functions are not well studied. To determine their effect on honeybee larvae, the 1-day-old larvae were grafted on to 24-well plates from the comb and artificially reared in the lab.