Phenotypic plasticity and increased infiltration of peripheral blood-derived TREM1 mono-macrophages following radiotherapy in rectal cancer.

In our previously reported phase 2 and phase 3 studies, the combination of short-course radiotherapy and neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (SIC) is established as effective cancer therapies for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Here, we apply multi-omic analyses to paired pre- and post-treatment LARC specimens undergoing SIC. The peripheral blood-derived TREM1 mono-macrophage subsets that display a pro-inflammatory phenotype are identified and correlate with complete response to SIC.

Associations of Financial Hardship and Health Status, Social Functioning, and Mental Health Among Cancer Survivors in the United States: Findings From a Nationally Representative Study.

Purpose: Financial hardship is common among cancer survivors and has been associated with worse physical and mental health in selected subpopulations. We comprehensively examined associations of financial hardship with multiple measures of health status, social functioning, and mental health in a large, nationally representative sample of cancer survivors.

Materials And Methods: We identified adults with a cancer history (18-64 years: n = 3,157 and ≥65 years: n = 5,991) from the 2019 to 2021 National Health Interview Survey.

Ecological rule of law and enterprise green innovation - Evidence from China's environmental courts.

Strengthening the rule of law is the cornerstone of ecological environmental protection. In the context of sustainable development, countries generally recognize the key role of the legal system in the protection of the ecological environment. Based on the perspectives of management, economics, and jurisprudence, this paper explores the impact and internal mechanism of the ecological legal system represented by the environmental protection court on the green innovation of enterprises.

Non-additive effects of leaf-litter flammability on eight subtropical tree species: Implications for forest species composition and fire susceptibility.

The readiness of leaf-litter to burn in the presence of fire differs greatly between species. Thus, forests composed of different species vary in their susceptibility to fire. Fire susceptibility of forests may also differ from the arithmetic means of flammability of their component species, i.

Bridging dietary polysaccharides and gut microbiome: How to achieve precision modulation for gut health promotion.

Dietary polysaccharides function not only as indispensable nutrients and energy sources for the host organism but also as critical substrates for the gut microbiota. Gut microorganisms possess the ability to selectively degrade and metabolize specific dietary polysaccharides, thus fostering their proliferation and yielding crucial bioactive metabolites that potentially influence host metabolic and immune pathways. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been extensively documented to be closely linked with the onset and progression of various diseases; in this regard, the precision modulation strategy of the gut microbiome via dietary polysaccharides holds substantial potential to enhance human health.

Radiosynthesis and evaluation of novel F labeled PET ligands for imaging monoacylglycerol lipase.

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a 33 kDa cytosolic serine hydrolase that is widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAGL hydrolyzes monoacylglycerols into fatty acids and glycerol, playing a crucial role in endocannabinoid degradation. Inhibition of MAGL in the brain elevates levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol and leads to decreased pro-inflammatory prostaglandin and thromboxane production.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of carbonized polymer dots/CdS quantum dots/BiWO Z-scheme heterojunctions: Enhancing photocatalytic environmental remediation via dual-quantum dot heterostructures.

The fabrication of dual-quantum dot heterostructures offers a promising strategy to enhance the environmental remediation performance of photocatalysts. Herein, a BiWO-based Z-scheme heterojunction was constructed by incorporating carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) and CdS quantum dots (QDs) via a microwave-assisted solvothermal method. The 1 wt% CPDs/CdS QDs/BiWO (CCBW-1) composite achieved optimal Cr(VI) removal, reaching 97.

Magnetopyrite FeS modified with N/S-doped carbon as a synergistic electrocatalyst for lithium-sulfur batteries.

Rational design of effective cathode host materials is an effective way to solve the problems of serious shuttle and slow conversion of polysulfides in lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). However, the redox reaction of sulfur differs from conventional "Rocking chair" type batteries and involves a cumbersome phase transition process, so a single-component catalyst cannot consistently and steadily enhance the reaction rate throughout the redox process. In this work, a hybrid composed of magnetopyrite FeS catalyst-modified with N/S-doped porous carbon spheres (FeS@NSC) is proposed as a novel sulfur host to synergistically promote the adsorption and redox catalysis conversion of polysulfides.

Mesoporous Co-MoS with sulfur vacancies: A bifunctional electrocatalyst for enhanced water-splitting reactions in alkaline media.

As a graphene-like layered material, molybdenum disulfide (MoS), has attracted increasing attentions for its promising application in electrocatalysis. Whereas MoS still suffers from the sluggish reaction kinetics in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to the low density of active sites in most exposed planes. In this work, high density of active sites on MoS basal planes has been obtained by synthesizing mesoporous MoS with Co doping and sulfur vacancies (V).

Photocatalytic selective oxidation of glycerol to formic acid and formaldehyde over surface cobalt-doped titanium dioxide.

Glycerol is one of the most important biomass platform compounds that is a by-product of biodiesel production, and the selective cleavage of the CC bond of glycerol to produce liquid hydrogen carriers (i.e., formic acid and formaldehyde) offers a viable strategy to alleviate the currently faced energy shortages.

Negative-pressure wound therapy compared with advanced moist wound therapy: A comparative study on healing efficacy in diabetic foot ulcers.

Objective: This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy of negative-pressure wound therapy with advanced moist wound therapy in managing diabetic foot ulcers.

Methods: A total of 450 participants with diabetic foot ulcers were randomized to receive either negative-pressure wound therapy (n = 204) or advanced moist wound therapy (n = 246) over 18 months. The primary outcome was complete ulcer closure, with secondary outcomes including time to closure, wound size reduction, infection rates, recurrence, and amputation rates.

Aspirin-based PROTACs as COX-2 degraders for anti-inflammation.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and plays a special role in the process of inflammatory response. COX-2 is a target of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which can effectively relieve inflammation, pain and fever responses by inhibiting COX-2. Despite the significant study progress of inhibitors targeting COX-2, the development of COX-2 degraders remains insufficient.

Effects of pristine and photoaged tire wear particles and their leachable additives on key nitrogen removal processes and nitrous oxide accumulation in estuarine sediments.

Despite growing attention to the environmental pollution caused by tire wear particles (TWPs), the effects of pristine and photoaged TWPs (P-TWPs and A-TWPs) and their TWP leachates (TWPLs; P-TWPL and A-TWPL) on key nitrogen removal processes in estuarine sediments remain unclear. This study explores the responses of the denitrification rate, anammox rate, and nitrous oxide (NO) accumulation to P-TWP, A-TWP, P-TWPL, and A-TWPL exposure in estuarine sediments, and assesses the potential biotoxic substances present in TWPLs. P-TWPs reduced the denitrification rate by 17.

Amplification of benzo[a]pyrene toxicity persistence in earthworms by polystyrene nanoplastics: From organismal health to molecular responses.

Typically, nanoplastics (NPs) are contaminated before entering soil, and the impact of NPs on the biotoxicity of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) they carry remains unclear. This study simulated two environmentally relevant scenarios: singular exposure of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in soil and exposure via NPs loading (NP-BaP). Correlation analysis and machine learning revealed that injury in earthworms exposed for 28 days was significantly associated with NPs.

Identification of Rht1 for plant height reduction in two wheat mutants and the effects on yield components.

Plant height determines lodging resistance and is closely linked to yield stability in wheat. In this study, we identified two semi-dwarf wheat mutants, designated je0370 and je0344, using the winter wheat cultivar Jing411 as the wild type (WT). Field experiments revealed that the plant height of these two mutants was significantly lower than that of the WT.

Methionine thioether reduces the content of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in high-temperature soybean oil by preventing the radical chain reaction.

This study investigated how methionine (Met) reduced 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) generation during the heating of soybean oil. The results showed that Met at 5 mM, 10 mM, 15 mM, 20 mM and 30 mM reduced the 4-HNE content by 0.67 %, 58.

Felt stigma as a determinant of health-related quality of life among community-dwelling stroke survivors in China: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To assess the role of felt stigma versus enacted stigma in the health-related quality of life of community--dwelling stroke survivors in China.

Materials And Methods: A sample of 189 community--dwelling stroke survivors were investigated with the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness (SSCI), 12-item Short Form-12 Health Survey (SF-12), modified Barthel index (MBI), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS), and demographic and disease-related characteristics. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the influence of felt stigma and enacted stigma on quality of life after controlling for depression, activities of daily living, and patient characteristics.

Novel functional eQTL-SNPs associated with susceptibility to occupational pulmonary fibrosis: A multi-stage study.

Aim: Identifying the common functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that can both affect the susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and silicosis.

Methods: We first integrated the genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of IPF and silicosis to obtain the shared SNPs. Following this, functional expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL)-SNPs were identified by the GTEx database.

Sucralose uses reward pathways to promote acute caloric intake.

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) are used to reduce caloric intake by replacing sugar with compounds that are sweet but contain little or no calories. In this study, we investigate how non-nutritive sweetener sucralose to promote acute food intake in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Our results showed that acute exposure to NNSs sweetness induces a robust hyperphagic response in flies.

The preventive effect of psychological and psychosocial interventions on postpartum depression: An overview of systematic reviews.

Background: Postpartum depression is a prevalent issue that significantly impacts the mental health of women, placing a substantial burden on individuals, families, and society. With the increasing evidence of postpartum depression prevention, conducting comprehensive assessments becomes essential to facilitate future clinical practices.

Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis examined psychological and psychosocial interventions to prevent postpartum depression in perinatal women (antenatal and postnatal up to 12 months).

Template-assembly activation of primer exchange reaction for on-site and sensitive detection of copper ions in blood.

The sensitive and accurate detection of copper ions is crucial for public health, medical research, and environmental monitoring. In this study, we developed a sensor based on template-assembly activation of the primer exchange reaction (PER) for the on-site detection of copper ions in blood. Copper ions triggered the assembly of two template fragments into a hairpin structure via a click-chemistry reaction, activating the PER.

Single-cell RNA sequencing of the spleen reveals differences in Salmonella typhimurium infection mechanisms between different chicken breeds.

Bacterial infections remain an important cause of morbidity in poultry production. The molecular characteristics and dynamic changes in immune cell populations after bacterial infection have yet to be fully understood. Beijing-You chicken and Cobb broiler, two broiler breeds with different disease resistance, were infected with Salmonella typhimurium, and inflammation models were constructed.

Laminaran potentiates cGAS-STING signaling to enhance antiviral responses.

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway, an essential element in the innate antiviral immune responses, has emerged as a key component of innate immune system to modulate type I IFNs production and response by recognizing both exogenous and endogenous DNA. Although some cGAS-STING signaling small molecule agonists have been developed, there are few natural polysaccharides reported to activate cGAS-STING signaling for the treatment of infectious diseases. Here, we reported that Laminaran, a low molecular weight β-glucan storage polysaccharide present in brown algae, potentiates cGAS-STING signaling to promote type I IFNs production and antiviral response.

Spermidine synthase promotes liver cancer progression in a paracrine manner by altering the macrophage immunometabolic state.

Purpose: Understanding the molecular mechanisms of adaptive regulation in the tumor microenvironment is crucial for precision therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We hypothesized that cargo proteins carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs) released in a hypoxic microenvironment might promote HCC progression by remodeling tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).

Methods: EV protein analysis by label-free proteomics mass spectrometry of HCC cell lines of different tumor grades was performed.