Discovery of a Gut Bacterial Pathway for Ergothioneine Catabolism.

Ergothioneine is a diet-derived micronutrient for humans. However, enzymes involved in the catabolism of ergothioneine in human gut bacteria have not yet been identified. Herein, we characterize a sulfidogenic pathway for gut bacterial catabolism of this micronutrient, which involves an unprecedented reductive desulfurization reaction catalyzed by members of the xanthine oxidoreductase family (XOR), a class of molybdenum-containing flavoproteins.

Application and Output Performance Comparison of Janus and Traditional Transition Metal Chalcogenides in Ytterbium-Doped Fiber Lasers.

Janus transition metal disulfide (TMD) monolayers have two distinct carbon surfaces that break the inherent ground external mirror symmetry. When compared to traditional TMD materials, Janus TMDs not only inherit the advantages of traditional TMDs but also have new characteristics that are different from those of traditional TMDs. This paper describes the development of a stable passive Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL) with operating wavelengths of 1032.

Dismay greets possible ban on Chinese drones.

U.S. scientists studying forests, whales, and more largely rely on devices made in China.

Quantifying the global biodiversity of Proterozoic eukaryotes.

The global diversity of Proterozoic eukaryote fossils is poorly quantified despite its fundamental importance to the understanding of macroevolutionary patterns and dynamics on the early Earth. Here we report a new construction of fossil eukaryote diversity from the Paleoproterozoic to early Cambrian based on a comprehensive data compilation and quantitative analyses. The resulting taxonomic richness curve verifies Cryogenian glaciations as a major divide that separates the "Boring Billion" and Ediacaran periods, with the former characterized by a prolonged stasis, and the latter by greater diversity, more-rapid turnover, and multiple radiations and extinctions.

Comparative transcriptome analysis in two contrasting genotypes for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance in sunflower.

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as a necrotrophic fungus causes the devastating diseases in many important oilseed crops worldwide. The preferred strategy for controlling S. sclerotiorum is to develop resistant varieties, but the molecular mechanisms underlying S.

Effectiveness of home-based exercise for functional rehabilitation in older adults after hip fracture surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess effectiveness of home-based exercise compared with control interventions for functional rehabilitation in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery. Comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Clinicaltrails.gov to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Bestrophin-4 relays HES4 and interacts with TWIST1 to suppress epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cells.

Bestrophin isoform 4 () is a newly identified subtype of the calcium-activated chloride channel family. Analysis of colonic epithelial cell diversity by single-cell RNA-sequencing has revealed the existence of a cluster of + mature colonocytes in humans. However, if the role of is involved in regulating tumour progression remains largely unknown.

Mineral and Microbial Properties Drive the Formation of Mineral-Associated Organic Matter and Its Response to Increased Temperature.

A comprehensive understanding of the formation of mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) is a prerequisite for the sustainable management of soil carbon (C) and the development of effective long-term strategies for C sequestration in soils. Nevertheless, the precise manner by which microbial and mineral properties drive MAOM formation efficiency and its subsequent response to elevated temperature at the regional scale remains unclear. Here, we employed isotopically labelled laboratory incubations (at 15°C and 25°C) with soil samples from a ~3000 km transect across the Tibetan Plateau to elucidate the mechanisms underlying MAOM formation and its temperature response.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 2-Arylaminopyrimidine Derivatives as Dual Cathepsin L and JAK Inhibitors for the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a disease characterized by pulmonary inflammation, blood barrier functional disorder, and hypoxemia. Herein, a series of 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives were synthesized. Most of them exhibited inhibitory effects on inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells at a concentration of 5 μM without significant cytotoxicity.

An Entropy-Driven Multipedal DNA Walker Microsensor for In Situ Electrochemical Detection of ATP.

Microelectrode- and nanoelectrode-based electrochemistry has become a powerful tool for the in situ monitoring of various biomolecules in vivo. However, two challenges limit the application of micro- and nanoelectrodes: the difficulty of highly sensitive detection of nonelectroactive molecules and the specific detection of target molecules in complex biological environments. Herein, we propose an electrochemical microsensor based on an entropy-driven multipedal DNA walker for the highly sensitive and selective detection of ATP.

Females are Associated with Lower Risks of Long-Term Mortality in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Background: In patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG), females were reported to have lower rates of in-hospital mortality rate and postoperative atrial fibrillation than males. However, the association between gender and long-term prognosis following OPCABG is rarely reported.

Objective: This study aims to determine if women benefit more from OPCABG than men by comparing the difference in the risk of long-term all-cause mortality in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO).

The combination of microwave hyperthermia with TIPE2 impedes the growth of orthotopic colon cancer.

Background: Colon cancer (CC) is the main fatal disease of humans. Microwave hyperthermia (MH) is an adjuvant therapy for diverse cancers. Tumor necrosis factor-α induced protein-8-like 2 (TIPE2) is a tumor suppressor.

Perceptually enhanced spectral distance metric for head-related transfer function quality prediction.

Given the substantial time and complexity involved in the perceptual evaluation of head-related transfer function (HRTF) processing, there is considerable value in adopting numerical assessment. Although many numerical methods have been introduced in recent years, monaural spectral distance metrics such as log-spectral distortion (LSD) remain widely used despite their significant limitations. In this study, listening tests were conducted to investigate the correlation between LSD and the auditory perception of HRTFs.

SARS-CoV-2 S protein disrupts the formation of ISGF3 complex through conserved S2 subunit to antagonize type I interferon response.

Unlabelled: Viral immunosuppression substantially affects the host immune response of infected patients and the protective efficacy of vaccines. Here, we found that the spike (S) protein, the major vaccine antigen of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), strongly suppresses host innate immunity by inhibiting interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression through both S1 and S2 subunits. Mechanistically, the S protein inhibited the formation of the classic interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex composed of STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 by competing with STAT2 for binding to IRF9, thereby impeding the transcription of ISGs.

Photoinduced SF degradation for deoxyfluorination of propargyl alcohols.

Deoxyfluorination is one of the most practical methods for introducing fluorine atoms, since hydroxyl groups are commonly found in organic small molecules. Traditional fluorination methods often rely on hazardous fluorinating reagents. Herein, we report the deoxyfluorination of propargyl alcohols using sulfur hexafluoride (SF) as a safe fluorinating agent under photocatalytic conditions.

A roller-type triboelectric nanogenerator based on rotational friction between wool and stacked interfaces for omnidirectional wind energy harvesting.

It is urgently desired to develop high-performance wind energy collectors to power numerous microelectronic devices along with the Internet of Things (IoT). A roller-type triboelectric nanogenerator (R-TENG) based on rotational friction between wool and stacked interfaces is proposed and efficiently used for harvesting wind energy. Wool, an electropositive and flexible material, is utilized in the design, effectively reducing abrasion on the contact surface and adjusting the output in response to varying compression levels.

Pair-Soil-Spectra: An Approach for NIRS-Based Soil Total Nitrogen Content Detection with Feature Metrics in Cases of Small Sample Sizes.

Soil total nitrogen (STN) plays an important role in plant growth, and rapid and nondestructive detection of STN content is essential for agricultural production. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) takes advantage of the fast detection speed, low cost, and nondestructiveness, and it can be used for STN content detection. Typically, NIRS-based approaches require a large number of samples for detection model training.

Serum free light chain level-based and non-fixed cycle daratumumab treatment strategy for patients with light chain amyloidosis.

Background: In recent years, daratumumab (DARA) has gained widespread use in the treatment of systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis. In this study, we assessed the efficacy and safety of a DARA treatment strategy based on serum free light chain (sFLC) levels and non-fixed cycles.

Methods: The study included 123 patients with Al amyloidosis who received DARA at our center between July 2020 and September 2023.

Aerobic Ammoxidation of Cyclic Ketones to Dinitrile Products with Copper-Based Catalysts.

Adiponitrile (ADN) has wide applications, especially in the polymer industry. With the substantial and increasing global demand for ADN, effective production of ADN using safe and abundant starting materials is highly desirable but very challenging. Herein, we discovered that CuBr, combined with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), could effectively promote the ammoxidation reaction of cyclohexanone to ADN with a yield of >99% using aqueous ammonia as the nitrogen source and O as the terminal oxidant under mild reaction conditions (80 °C, 5 atm O).

Proteomics for Biomarker Discovery in Gynecological Cancers: A Systematic Review.

The present study aims to summarize the current biomarker landscape in gynecological cancers (GCs) and incorporate bioinformatics analysis to highlight specific biological processes. The literature was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Ovid Medline, and Cochrane Library. The final search was conducted on December 7, 2022.

Effect of Statins on the Prognosis After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Patients With Acute Type B Aortic Dissection.

Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy of long-term statin therapy following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in patients with acute type B aortic dissection (ATBAD).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 645 patients treated between January 2005 and June 2022, dividing them into Statin Group (n=330) and Non-statin Group (n=315) based on whether they received long-term postoperative statin therapy. Patients were further categorized based on median admission low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels into High and Low LDL-C Groups to assess the effect of statins on the prognosis of ATBAD patients after TEVAR.

Efficacy and safety of different progestogens in women with first threatened miscarriage: A network meta-analysis.

Threatened miscarriage is defined as early vaginal bleeding before 12 weeks of gestational age and can occur in any pregnancy regardless of maternal age, race, comorbidities, lifestyle, or socioeconomic status, and about one-quarter of threatened miscarriages proceed to complete miscarriage. To assess the relative effectiveness and safety of different progestogens in women with first threatened miscarriage, using a network meta-analysis. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to April 2023.