The role of pangenomics in orphan crop improvement.

Global food security depends heavily on a few staple crops, while orphan crops, despite being less studied, offer the potential benefits of environmental adaptation and enhanced nutritional traits, especially in a changing climate. Major crops have benefited from genomics-based breeding, initially using single genomes and later pangenomes. Recent advances in DNA sequencing have enabled pangenome construction for several orphan crops, offering a more comprehensive understanding of genetic diversity.

Ultra robust negative differential resistance memristor for hardware neuron circuit implementation.

Neuromorphic computing holds immense promise for developing highly efficient computational approaches. Memristor-based artificial neurons, known for due to their straightforward structure, high energy efficiency, and superior scalability, which enable them to successfully mimic biological neurons with electrical devices. However, the reliability of memristors has always been a major obstacle in neuromorphic computing.

Pt/IrO enables selective electrochemical C-H chlorination at high current.

Employing electrochemistry for the selective functionalization of liquid alkanes allows for sustainable and efficient production of high-value chemicals. However, the large potentials required for C(sp)-H bond functionalization and low water solubility of such alkanes make it challenging. Here we discover that a Pt/IrO electrocatalyst with optimized Cl binding energy enables selective generation of Cl free radicals for C-H chlorination of alkanes.

Intravenous liposomal irinotecan in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer after ≥ 2 prior lines of chemotherapy: a phase Ib study.

This study (NCT04728035) aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of liposomal irinotecan (HE072) in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). This study consisted of two parts. In part 1, the 3 + 3 design was used to investigate three dose levels of HE072 (50, 70 and 90 mg/m).

Unusual violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law at ultralow temperatures in topological compensated semimetals.

Thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity at ultralow temperatures and high magnetic fields are studied in the topological compensated semimetals TaAs, NbAs, and NdSb. A striking phenomenon is observed where the thermal conductivity shows a T scaling at very low temperatures, while the resistivity shows a T-independent residual term. This indicates a strong violation of the Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law, since the field dependence of κ shows that the low-temperature thermal conductivity is dominated by electronic transport.

Engineering spatially-confined conduits to tune nerve self-organization and allodynic responses via YAP-mediated mechanotransduction.

Chronic allodynia stemming from peripheral stump neuromas can persist for extended periods, significantly compromising patients' quality of life. Conventional managements for nerve stumps have demonstrated limited effectiveness in ensuring their orderly termination. In this study, we present a spatially confined conduit strategy, designed to enhance the self-organization of regenerating nerves after truncation.

Uricase from , a Candidate for Industrial Application of Reducing Uric Acid Content of Bean Products.

Microbial uricase is an essential enzyme in purine degradation and the development of low-purine food. High enzyme activity and an appropriate optimum pH must be established for low-purine food. Uricases from , , , , and were heterologously expressed in .

One-sided device-independent random number generation through fiber channels.

Randomness is an essential resource and plays important roles in various applications ranging from cryptography to simulation of complex systems. Certified randomness from quantum process is ensured to have the element of privacy but usually relies on the device's behavior. To certify randomness without the characterization for device, it is crucial to realize the one-sided device-independent random number generation based on quantum steering, which guarantees security of randomness and relaxes the demands of one party's device.

Mms22-Rtt107 axis attenuates the DNA damage checkpoint and the stability of the Rad9 checkpoint mediator.

The DNA damage checkpoint is a highly conserved signaling pathway induced by genotoxin exposure or endogenous genome stress. It alters many cellular processes such as arresting the cell cycle progression and increasing DNA repair capacities. However, cells can downregulate the checkpoint after prolonged stress exposure to allow continued growth and alternative repair.

Electronic structure formed by YO-doping in lithium position assists improvement of charging-voltage for high-nickel cathodes.

High-capacity power battery can be attained through the elevation of the cut-off voltage for LiNiCoMnO high-nickel material. Nevertheless, unstable lattice oxygen would be released during the lithium deep extraction. To solve the above issues, the electronic structure is reconstructed by substituting Li ions with Y ions.

Neuronal guidance factor Sema3A inhibits neurite ingrowth and prevents chondrocyte hypertrophy in the degeneration of knee cartilage in mice, monkeys and humans.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease accompanied with the loss of cartilage and consequent nociceptive symptoms. Normal articular cartilage maintains at aneural state. Neuron guidance factor Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is a membrane-associated secreted protein with chemorepulsive properties for axons.

Tree shrew as a new animal model for musculoskeletal disorders and aging.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), osteoarthritis (OA), and osteoporosis (OP) are common musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) with similar age-related risk factors, representing the leading causes of disability. However, successful therapeutic development and translation have been hampered by the lack of clinically-relevant animal models. In this study, we investigated the potential suitability of the tree shrew, a small mammal with a close genetic relationship to primates, as a new animal model for MSDs.

Development of PRC1 Inhibitors Employing Fragment-Based Approach and NMR-Guided Optimization.

Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) is associated with transcriptional silencing, and its dysregulation plays an important role in various cancers. Well-characterized PRC1 inhibitors can facilitate the exploration of PRC1 inhibition as therapeutic agents. By employing an NMR-based fragment screening approach, we have previously identified a very weak millimolar ligand , which directly binds to RING1B-BMI1.

Phase-Separated Spiropyran Coacervates as Dual-Wavelength-Switchable Reactive Oxygen Generators.

Low-molecular-weight compounds of certain structural features may form coacervates through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). These coacervates can enter mammalian cells and affect cellular physiology. Controlling the properties of the coacervates inside cells, however, is a challenge.

Deficiency of Sox7 leads to congenital aortic stenosis via abnormal valve remodeling.

Abnormal valve development is the most common congenital heart malformation. The transcription factor Sox7 plays a critical role in the development of vascular and cardiac septation. However, it remains unclear whether Sox7 is required for heart valve development.

An integrative approach to identifying as a susceptibility gene for gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify a novel gene and its potential mechanisms associated with susceptibility to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) through an integrative approach.

Methods: We analyzed data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of GDM in the FinnGen R11 dataset (16,802 GDM cases and 237,816 controls) and Genotype Tissue Expression v8 expression quantitative trait locus data. We used summary-data-based Mendelian randomization to determine associations between transcript levels and phenotypes, transcriptome-wide association studies to provide insights into gene-trait associations, multi-marker analysis of genomic annotation to perform gene-based analysis, genome-wide complex trait analysis-multivariate set-based association test-combo to determine gene prioritization, and polygenic priority scores to prioritize the causal genes to screen candidate genes.

Hemodynamic evaluation of symptomatic and asymptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis using cerebral angiographic images: an exploratory study.

Background: Previous studies suggest that it may be inappropriate to determine treatment strategies solely based on the degree of stenosis for patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). In order to better risk stratify patients with ICAS, we developed a novel non-invasive fractional flow (FF) calculation technique based on intracranial angiography (Angio-FF) to assess the hemodynamics for patients with ICAS. This study aims to investigate the difference in FF between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with ICAS and its potential optimal threshold.

Development of an Irreversible Peptidomimetic Radioligand for PET Imaging of ST14 Protease.

To enhance the affinity of peptide ligands for their targets, covalent warheads can be engineered to facilitate irreversible binding. This study aimed at exploring the potential of a Ga-labeled peptidomimetic radioligand, [Ga]Ga-DOTA-RQAR-kbt, for PET imaging through its irreversible binding to the suppression of tumorigenicity 14 (ST14). An Arg-Gln-Ala-Arg (RQAR) tetrapeptide was conjugated with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid for gallium-68 radiolabeling.

Impact Assessment Through Interrupted Time Series: Divergent Influences of Stay-at-Home Order on Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Areas in NYC Shooting Incidents.

This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home (SAH) orders on gun violence in New York City (NYC), with a focus on variations across neighborhood demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Using a 4-year longitudinal and geospatial analysis, we investigate the relationship between socioeconomic factors (e.g.

[Therapeutic effects of glucocorticoids in patients with hematologic diseases with neutropenia and severe pneumonia classified by the PSI scores].

This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of glucocorticoids in patients with neutropenic severe pneumonia at moderate to high risk according to the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) in patients with hematologic diseases. Clinical data were collected from 534 patients at the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from October 2016 to December 2018. We evaluated the changes in inflammatory cytokines, treatment failure, in-hospital mortality, and other outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders through propensity score matching.

[Role of human herpesvirus infection in refractory gastrointestinal graft-versus-host-disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the diagnosis and treatment thereof].

This study aimed to investigate the role of human herpesvirus (HHV) infection in refractory intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GI-GVHD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and its diagnosis and treatment. This study retrospectively analyzed patients presenting with refractory GI-GVHD after allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT) with concomitant colonoscopy and mucosal biopsy at Lu Daopei Hospital, Yanda, Hebei, from March 2022 to July 2024. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), HHV7, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) detection with the RQ-PCR method.

[Clinical characteristics of HHV-6 infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].

This study aimed to analyze the clinical manifestations of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection within 100 days after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and to investigate the association of HHV-6 viral load with clinical outcomes as well as the effect of antiviral treatment on the course of HHV-6 infection. This retrospective study included patients who tested positive for HHV-6 within 100 days after allo-HSCT at the Peking University Institute of Hematology from February 2016 to February 2023. The study analyzed the patients' baseline characteristics, including age and transplantation type, as well as their clinical manifestations.

[Analysis of CMV and EBV infection in healthy populations in China before and after the COVID-19 pandemic].

This study aimed to assess the infection status of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in healthy populations in China over the past decade and analyze the differences in CMV and EBV infection and related risk factors in healthy populations before and after the lifting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic control measures. This study retrospectively analyzes the CMV and EBV infection status of 8 827 healthy donors who underwent prehematopoietic stem cell transplantation screening at Peking University People's Hospital from January 2014 to December 2023. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors for CMV and EBV infection.