Cross-resistance pattern and basis of resistance in a thiamethoxam-resistant strain of Aphis gossypii Glover.

A thiamethoxam-resistant strain of cotton aphid (ThR) displayed a 13.79-fold greater resistance to thiamethoxam than a susceptible cotton aphid (SS) strain. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) synergistically increased the toxicity of thiamethoxam in the resistant strain, whereas diethyl maleate (DEM) did not exhibit significant synergistic effects.

Comparative proteomic analysis in Aphis glycines Mutsumura under lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide stress.

Lambda-cyhalothrin is now widely used in China to control the soybean aphid Aphis glycines. To dissect the resistance mechanism, a laboratory-selected resistant soybean aphid strain (CRR) was established with a 43.42-fold resistance ratio to λ-cyhalothrin than the susceptible strain (CSS) in adult aphids.

Over-expression of CYP6A2 is associated with spirotetramat resistance and cross-resistance in the resistant strain of Aphis gossypii Glover.

A laboratory-selected spirotetramat-resistant strain (SR) of cotton aphid developed 579-fold and 15-fold resistance to spirotetramat in adult aphids and 3rd instar nymphs, respectively, compared with a susceptible strain (SS) [26]. The SR strain developed high-level cross-resistance to alpha-cypermethrin and bifenthrin and very low or no cross-resistance to the other tested insecticides. Synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) dramatically increased the toxicity of spirotetramat and alpha-cypermethrin in the resistant strain.

Spirotetramat resistance adaption analysis of Aphis gossypii Glover by transcriptomic survey.

A resistant strain of the cotton aphid (SR) developed 441.26-fold and 11.97-fold resistance to spirotetramat for adult aphids and nymphs, respectively, compared with the susceptible (SS) strain.

Proteomics-based identification and analysis proteins associated with spirotetramat tolerance in Aphis gossypii Glover.

Spirotetramat were now widely used for control insecticides resistant aphids since 2011 in China. In order to elucidate the possible resistance mechanism, a laboratory selected resistant strain (SR) of cotton aphid was established with a 578.93-fold and 14.

Transcriptomic comparison of thiamethoxam-resistance adaptation in resistant and susceptible strains of Aphis gossypii Glover.

A thiamethoxam-resistant strain of cotton aphid (ThR) strain displayed a 19.35-fold greater resistance to thiamethoxam compared to a susceptible cotton aphid (SS) strain. Solexa sequencing technology was used to investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cotton aphids in the context of thiamethoxam resistance.

Directional coupler and nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on metal-insulator-metal plasmonic waveguide.

Directional coupler (DC) and nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on metal-insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic waveguide are investigated numerically. We show that the coupling length increases almost linearly with the wavelength and this property is utilized in the design of wavelength division multiplexer (WDM). A nonlinear MZI, with one branch filled with Kerr nonlinear medium, is built to ensure controlling light with light.