Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PM2.5 and its driving difference comparison associated with urbanization in China's multiple urban agglomerations.

The development of urban agglomeration further deteriorates the air pollution status arising from urbanization. However, disparities in the urbanization process across different urban agglomerations may shape unique regional air pollution characters, and further complicate its driving mechanism. In this study, 11 urban agglomerations with different urbanization levels in China thus were chosen as the case study areas, to explore the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PM2.

Transverse distribution of the streamwise velocity for the open-channel flow with floating vegetated islands.

Floating vegetation islands (FVIs) have been widely utilized in various river ecological restoration projects due to their ability to purify pollutants. FVIs float at the surface of shallow pools with their roots unanchored in the sediment. Biofilm formed by roots under islands filters nutrients and particles in the water flowing through it.

Analysis of turbulent flow structures in the straight rectangular open channel with floating vegetated islands.

Floating vegetated islands (FVIs) are extensively implemented in various river ecology restoration projects, given their capability of decontaminating pollutants. The fluid dynamical behaviors of turbulence through FVIs are studied in the flume by using the SonTek Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry. Through conventional spectral and quadrant analyses, flow characteristics, such as energy content and turbulent momentum exchange, are investigated as the flow encountered a series of root canopies.

Ultrathin MEMS thermoelectric generator with BiTe/(Pt, Au) multilayers and SbTe legs.

Multilayer structure is one of the research focuses of thermoelectric (TE) material in recent years. In this work, n-type 800 nm BiTe/(Pt, Au) multilayers are designed with p-type SbTe legs to fabricate ultrathin microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) TE devices. The power factor of the annealed BiTe/Pt multilayer reaches 46.

A comparative experimental study on the cross-plane thermal conductivities of nano-constructed SbTe/(Cu, Ag, Au, Pt) thermoelectric multilayer thin films.

Thermoelectric multilayer thin films used in nanoscale energy conversion have been receiving increasing attention in both academic research and industrial applications. Thermal transport across multilayer interface plays a key role in improving thermoelectric conversion efficiency. In this study, the cross-plane thermal conductivities of nano-constructed SbTe/(Cu, Ag, Au, Pt) thermoelectric multilayer thin films have been measured using time-domain thermoreflectance method.