Identification of Selection Signatures and Candidate Genes Related to Environmental Adaptation and Economic Traits in Tibetan Pigs.

Tibetan pigs are indigenous to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and have been the subject of extensive genomic research primarily focused on their adaptation to high altitudes. However, genetic modifications associated with their response to low-altitude acclimation have not been thoroughly explored. To investigate the genetic basis underlying the low-altitude acclimation of Tibetan pigs, we generated and analyzed genotyping data of Tibetan pigs that inhabit high-altitude regions (average altitude 4000 m) and Tibetan pigs that have inhabited nearby low-altitude regions (average altitude 500 m) for approximately 20 generations.

Comparative evaluation of the fecal microbiota of adult hybrid pigs and Tibetan pigs, and dynamic changes in the fecal microbiota of hybrid pigs.

The breed of pig can affect the diversity and composition of fecal microbiota, but there is a lack of research on the fecal microbiota of hybrid pigs. In this study, feces samples from Chuanxiang black pigs (a hybrid of Tibetan and Duroc pigs) aged 3 days (n = 24), 70 days (n = 31), 10 months (n = 13) and 2 years (n = 30) and Tibetan pigs aged 10 months (n = 14) and 2 years (n = 15) were collected and sequenced by 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. We also measured the weight of all the tested pigs and found that the 10-month-old and two-year-old Chuanxiang black pigs weighed about three times the weight of Tibetan pigs of the same age.

Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from municipal wastewater treatment in China.

Municipal wastewater treatment plays an indispensable role in enhancing water quality by eliminating contaminants. While the process is vital, its environmental footprint, especially in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, remains underexplored. Here we offer a comprehensive assessment of GHG emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across China.

A cell transcriptomic profile provides insights into adipocytes of porcine mammary gland across development.

Background: Studying the composition and developmental mechanisms in mammary gland is crucial for healthy growth of newborns. The mammary gland is inherently heterogeneous, and its physiological function dependents on the gene expression of multiple cell types. Most studies focused on epithelial cells, disregarding the role of neighboring adipocytes.

Expression Improvement of Recombinant Plasmids of the Interleukin-7 Gene in Chitosan-Derived Nanoparticles and Their Elevation of Mice Immunity.

To investigate a safe and effective approach for enhancing the in vivo expression of recombinant genes and improving the systemic immunity of animals against infectious diseases, we employed the interleukin-7 (IL-7) gene from Tibetan pigs to construct a recombinant eukaryotic plasmid (VRTPIL-7). We first examined VRTPIL-7's bioactivity on porcine lymphocytes in vitro and then encapsulated it with polyethylenimine (PEI), chitosan copolymer (CS), PEG-modified galactosylated chitosan (CS-PEG-GAL) and methoxy poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and PEI-modified CS (CS-PEG-PEI) nanoparticles using the ionotropic gelation technique. Next, we intramuscularly or intraperitoneally injected mice with various nanoparticles containing VRTPIL-7 to evaluate their immunoregulatory effects in vivo.

Screening of candidate genes related to differences in growth and development between Chinese indigenous and Western pig breeds.

Neijiang (NJ) and Yacha (YC) are two indigenous pig breeds in the Sichuan basin of China, displaying higher resistance to diseases, lower lean ratio, and slower growth rate than the commercial Western pig breed Yorkshire (YS). The molecular mechanisms underlying the differences in growth and development between these pig breeds are still unknown. In the present study, five pigs from NJ, YC, and YS breeds were subjected to the whole genome resequencing, and then the differential single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were screened using a 10-kb window sliding in 1-kb step using the F method.

Porcine Interleukin-17 and 22 Co-Expressed by Yarrowia lipolytica Enhance Immunity and Increase Protection against Bacterial Challenge in Mice and Piglets.

Drug resistance in economic animals to pathogens is a matter of widespread concern due to abuse of antibiotics. In order to develop a safe and economical immunopotentiator to raise the immunity and antibacterial response as a replacement for antibiotics, a recombinant yeast co-expressing pig interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-22 was constructed and designated as Po1h-pINA1297-IL-17/22. To evaluate the immunoregulator activities of Po1h-pINA1297-IL-17/22, two experiment groups (oral inoculation with Po1h-pINA1297 or Po1h-pINA1297-IL-17/22) and a negative control group (PBS) were set up using 4-week-old female BALB/c mice (10/group).

3D face recognition algorithm based on deep Laplacian pyramid under the normalization of epidemic control.

Under the normalization of epidemic control in COVID-19, it is essential to realize fast and high-precision face recognition without feeling for epidemic prevention and control. This paper proposes an innovative Laplacian pyramid algorithm for deep 3D face recognition, which can be used in public. Through multi-mode fusion, dense 3D alignment and multi-scale residual fusion are ensured.

Advancement of management information system for discovering fraud in master card based intelligent supervised machine learning and deep learning during SARS-CoV2.

During coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) the number of fraudulent transactions is expanding at a rate of alarming (7,352,421 online transaction records). Additionally, the Master Card (MC) usage is increasing. To avoid massive losses, companies of finance must constantly improve their management information systems for discovering fraud in MC.

Characterization of municipal solid waste incineration and flue gas emission under anoxic environment in Tibet Plateau.

Waste incineration is a process of full combustion reaction between waste and oxygen at high temperature. It is a new problem whether the special natural environmental conditions of Tibet Plateau, such as low air pressure, low oxygen content, and low temperature, will affect the waste incineration in the plateau area. In this work, the influence of different parameters on MSW incineration efficiency and flue gas emission were investigated.

Temporal microRNA expression profile of pig peripheral blood during postnatal development.

Gene expression profiles of blood can reflect the physiopathologic status of the immune system. The dynamic microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of peripheral blood from pigs at different developmental stages, and how differential expression of miRNAs might relate to immune system development, are unknown. In this study, peripheral blood samples taken at five developmental stages were used to construct 15 miRNA libraries (three biological replicates/stage): 0 days (newborn), 30 days (weaning), 60 days (weaned), and 180 and 360 days (puberty).

Silence of TGF-β1 gene expression reduces prrsv replication and potentiates immunity of immune cells of tibetan pig.

Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) was of importance in the pathogenesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). To determine whether knockdown of TGF-β1 gene expression could facilitate the control of PRRSV infection, specific sequences for expressing shRNA targeted to porcine TGF-β1 gene were synthesized and cloned into pSilencer 3.1-H1 neovector.

Temporal expression profiling of long noncoding RNA and mRNA in the peripheral blood during porcine development.

Objective: We investigated the temporal expression profiles of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA in the peripheral blood of pigs during development and identified the lncRNAs that are related to the blood-based immune system.

Methods: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from the pigs at 0, 7, 28, and 180 days and 2 years of age. RNA sequencing was performed to survey the lncRNA and mRNA transcriptomes in the samples.

Improved expression of recombinant fusion defensin gene plasmids packed with chitosan-derived nanoparticles and effect on antibacteria and mouse immunity.

In order to develop a secure and competent technique to express the human immune gene for fighting infections, we cloned and expressed the BD2/3 using VR1020 (a eukaryotic expression plasmid). BD2/3 contains human β-defensin 2 (BD2) and human BD3. To explore safe and effective DNA delivery molecules and , the fusion genes of BD2/3 were used as an immune-labelled gene to verify transfection effectivness of modified chitosan (CS).

Comparison of stomach microRNA transcriptomes of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs by deep sequencing.

MiRNAs regulate the expression of target genes in diverse cellular processes and hence play important roles in different physiological processes, yet little is known about the stomach microRNAome (miRNAome) of the Tibetan pig. The objective of this experiment was to investigate differentially expressed stomach miRNAs participating in digestion. Firstly, we isolated total RNA by Trizol reagent from three Tibetan and three Yorkshire purebred pigs stomach samples at 90-day-old.

Identification of a Novel Recombinant Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in China.

Since the emergence of NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in China in 2013, PRRSVs have undergone rapid evolution. In this study, a novel variant of PRRSV strain (designated SCcd17) was successfully isolated from piglets with clinical signs in Sichuan Province in China in 2017, and the complete genomic sequence was determined. The genome of this new isolate was 15,015 nucleotides (nt) long, and comparative analysis revealed that SCcd17 exhibited 90.

Knockdown expression of IL-10Rα gene inhibits PRRSV replication and elevates immune responses in PBMCs of Tibetan pig in vitro.

Increase of interleukin-10 (IL-10) induced by Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) infection has been intensely studied to inhibit the anti-viral responses of host pigs. Blockade of expression of IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) by RNA interference (RNAi) may relieve the immunosuppression caused by excessive IL-10 in PRRSV infection. The recombinant short hairpin expressing plasmid targeted to pig IL-10Rα was transfected into peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Tibetan pig (Tp-PBMCs) prior to PRRSV inoculation, then the replication of PRRSV and immune responses in Tp-PBMCs were evaluated.

Co-expression of mFat-1 and pig IGF-1 genes by recombinant plasmids in modified chitosan nanoparticles and its synergistic effect on mouse immunity.

To develop a cost-effective molecular regulator to improve growth metabolism and immunity of animals, a recombinant plasmid co-expressing fatty acid desaturase (mFat-1) and pig insulin growth like factor 1 (IGF-1) genes was constructed by the 2 A self-cleavage technique. After entrapment within modified chitosan nanoparticles (chitosan modified with polyethyleneglycol-polyethylenimine, CPP), the recombinant plasmid was injected intramuscularly into mice. Compared with controls, co-expression of mFat-1 and IGF-1 significantly raised the level of serum IGF-1, and increased the liver and muscle docosa hexaenoic acid (DHA) content.

Comparative transcriptomics of 5 high-altitude vertebrates and their low-altitude relatives.

Background: Species living at high altitude are subject to strong selective pressures due to inhospitable environments (e.g., hypoxia, low temperature, high solar radiation, and lack of biological production), making these species valuable models for comparative analyses of local adaptation.

Transcriptomic profiling in muscle and adipose tissue identifies genes related to growth and lipid deposition.

Growth performance and meat quality are important traits for the pig industry and consumers. Adipose tissue is the main site at which fat storage and fatty acid synthesis occur. Therefore, we combined high-throughput transcriptomic sequencing in adipose and muscle tissues with the quantification of corresponding phenotypic features using seven Chinese indigenous pig breeds and one Western commercial breed (Yorkshire).

Comparison of liver microRNA transcriptomes of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs by deep sequencing.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the modulation of various metabolic processes in the liver, yet little is known about the liver microRNAome (miRNAome) of the Tibetan pig. Here we used the Yorkshire pig as a control to analyze the Tibetan pig-specific liver miRNAome, and for preliminary investigation of differentially expressed miRNAs participating in metabolism. A comprehensive analysis of Tibetan and Yorkshire pig liver miRNAomes by small RNA sequencing identified 362 unique miRNAs.

Lactation-related microRNA expression profiles of porcine breast milk exosomes.

Breast milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborns, and is rich in immunological components. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are present in various body fluids and are selectively packaged inside the exosomes, a type of membrane vesicles, secreted by most cell types. These exosomal miRNAs could be actively delivered into recipient cells, and could regulate target gene expression and recipient cell function.

Identification of suitable endogenous control microRNA genes in normal pig tissues.

Determination of an optimal number/set of endogenous control (EC) microRNA (miRNA) genes is a critical but often an underappreciated aspect of quantitative gene expression analysis. In this study, the expression stabilities of 13 selected porcine EC miRNA genes were compared in all 47 tissue-specific normal tissues, 10 types of adipose tissue, and four types of muscle tissue using an EvaGreen quantitative PCR approach. Seven, 12, and 11 genes exhibited credible stability in the three groups, respectively.

Improvement of the immunity of pig to Hog cholera vaccine by recombinant plasmid with porcine interleukin-6 gene and CpG motifs.

In order to observe the dosage-effect of recombinant pig interleukin-6 gene and CpG motifs on the immune responses of swine to vaccine, a novel recombinant eukaryotic VPIL6C plasmid was packed with chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) prepared by ionic cross linkage, which contains pig interleukin-6 gene and immunostimulatory sequence consisted of 11 CpG motifs. CNP-VRIL6C was then utilized to inoculate 30-day-old piglets intramuscularly at the dosage of 0.5, 1.