A spiro-type self-assembled hole transporting monolayer for highly efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells and modules.

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have significantly contributed to the advancement of hole transporting materials (HTMs) for inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, uneven distribution of SAMs on the substrate largely decreases the PSC performance, especially for large-scale devices. Herein, the first spiro-type SAM, termed 4PA-spiro, with an orthogonal spiro[acridine-9,9'-fluorene] as the skeleton and phosphonic acid as the anchoring group were proposed.

Suppressing surface and interface recombination to afford efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells.

The top surface of the perovskite layer and the interface with the electron transporting layer play a key role in influencing the performance and operational stability of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A deficient or ineffective surface passivation strategy at the perovskite/electron transport layer interface can significantly impact the efficiency and scalability of PSCs. This study introduces phenyl dimethylammonium iodide (PDMAI) as a passivation ligand that exhibits improved chemical and field-effect passivation at the perovskite/C interface.

Latitudinal patterns and their climate drivers of the C, N, S isotope signatures of across plant life-death status: a global analysis.

Isotopic signatures offer new methods, approaches, and perspectives for exploring the ecological adaptability and functions of plants. We examined pattern differences in the isotopic signatures ( C, N, S) of across varying plant life-death status along geographic clines. We extracted 539 sets of isotopic data from 57 publications covering 267 sites across a latitude range of over 23.

Enhanced Charge Transfer in Quasi-2D Perovskite by Formamidinium Cation Gradient Incorporation for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells.

Quasi-2D perovskites have attracted much attention in perovskite photovoltaics due to their excellent stability. However, their photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) still lags 3D counterparts, particularly with high short-circuit current (J) loss. The quantum confinement effect is pointed out to be the sole reason, which introduces widened bandgap and poor exciton dissociation, and undermines the light capture and charge transport.

3D Conjugated Hole Transporting Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules.

The orthogonal structure of the widely used hole transporting material (HTM) 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N, N-di-p-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) imparts isotropic conductivity and excellent film-forming capability. However, inherently weak intra- and inter-molecular π-π interactions result in low intrinsic hole mobility. Herein, a novel HTM, termed FTPE-ST, with a twist conjugated dibenzo(g,p)chrysene core and coplanar 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as extended donor units, is designed to enhance π-π interactions, without compromising on solubility.

A Multifunctional Dye Molecule as the Interfacial Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells.

In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), defects in the interface and mismatched energy levels can damage the device performance. Improving the interface quality is an effective way to achieve efficient and stable PSCs. In this work, a multifunctional dye molecule, named ThPCyAc, was designed and synthesized to be introduced in the perovskite/HTM interface.

Dopant-Free Pyrene-Based Hole Transporting Material Enables Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Dopant-free hole transporting materials (HTMs) is significant to the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we developed a novel star-shape arylamine HTM, termed Py-DB, with a pyrene core and carbon-carbon double bonds as the bridge units. Compared to the reference HTM (termed Py-C), the extension of the planar conjugation backbone endows Py-DB with typical intermolecular π-π stacking interactions and excellent solubility, resulting in improved hole mobility and film morphology.

A "turn-on" fluorescence resonance energy transfer aptasensor based on carbon dots and gold nanoparticles for 17β-estradiol detection in sea salt.

17β-estradiol is abused in the food industry. Excess 17β-estradiol can disturb the endocrine system or cause many diseases including obesity, diabetes, cardiac-cerebral vascular disease, and cancers in the human body. A "turn-on" fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) aptasensor based on carbon dots (CDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed for the detection of 17β-estradiol.

Extending the π-Conjugated System in Spiro-Type Hole Transport Material Enhances the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Modules.

Hole transport materials (HTMs) are a key component of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The small molecular 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl)-amine-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD, termed "Spiro") is the most successful HTM used in PSCs, but its versatility is imperfect. To improve its performance, we developed a novel spiro-type HTM (termed "DP") by substituting four anisole units on Spiro with 4-methoxybiphenyl moieties.

From collapse to the health of the aquatic ecosystem in Dasha River (2006-2021): a case study of Shenzhen city in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China.

Compared with the aquatic ecosystem destruction caused by rapid urban development, substantial ecological restoration usually requires long periods and is a challenging process. Although river ecological restoration has been successful in different regions, the relationship between biodiversity, water quality, and effective measures applicable to developing countries remains poorly understood. This study was conducted in the Dasha River in Shenzhen city, one of the fastest-growing cities in China.

Interface modified BTO@PS--mah/PS composite dielectrics with enhanced breakdown strength and ultralow dielectric loss.

Dielectrics of the polymer-matrix composite are considered to present combined advantages from both the polymer matrix and inorganic fillers. However, the breakdown strength, as well as energy density, is not effectively enhanced due to the poor compatibility between the organic and inorganic components. Herein, polymer composites derived from polystyrene (PS) and barium titanate (BTO) are proposed and beneficial interface modification by poly(styrene--maleic anhydride) (PS--mah) is conducted to improve compatibility between the inorganic filler and polymer matrix.

Entrepreneurial mindfulness and organizational resilience of Chinese SMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of entrepreneurial resilience.

Organizational resilience is vital to the survival and thriving of enterprises, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although there has been an increasing interest in organizational resilience, the effects from the entrepreneur perspective receive scant attention. Based on upper echelons theory (UET) and personality psychology, we propose a model in which entrepreneurial mindfulness and entrepreneurial resilience could influence organizational resilience of SMEs.

Preoperative anxiety as an independent predictor of postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing elective surgery for lumbar disc herniation.

Background: Anxiety is common in older patients suffering from lumbar disc herniation. Postoperative delirium is related to poor prognosis. But the relationship between preoperative anxiety and postoperative delirium among older patients undergoing elective surgery for lumbar disc herniation is not clear.

Significantly Improved Dielectric Performance of All-Organic Parylene/Polyimide/Parylene Composite Films with Sandwich Structure.

The development of novel polymer dielectrics with enhanced dielectric performance is a great challenge for application of film capacitors in modern electronics and electrical systems. Herein, an innovative approach of chemical vapor deposition polymerization technology is proposed to prepare the all-organic sandwich structured parylene/polyimide/parylene (Py/PI/Py) composite films by employing poly(chloro-para-xylylene) (parylene C) as the outer layers and polyimide (PI) as the inner layer. The Py/PI/Py composites exhibit superior thermal resistance and outstanding mechanical properties.

A N-Ethylcarbazole-Terminated Spiro-Type Hole-Transporting Material for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

The development of stable and efficient hole-transporting materials (HTMs) is critical for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a novel spiro-type HTM was designed and synthesized where N-ethylcarbazole-terminated groups fully substituted the methoxy group of spiro-OMeTAD, named spiro-carbazole. The developed molecule exhibited a lower highest occupied molecular orbital level, higher hole mobility, and extremely high glass transition temperature (T =196 °C) compared with spiro-OMeTAD.

Forsythoside B attenuates neuro-inflammation and neuronal apoptosis by inhibition of NF-κB and p38-MAPK signaling pathways through activating Nrf2 post spinal cord injury.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a ruinous neurological pathology that results in locomotor and sensory impairment. Neuro-inflammation and secondary neuronal apoptosis contribute to SCI, with anti-inflammatory therapies the focus of many SCI studies. Forsythoside B (FTS•B), a phenylethanoid glycoside extracted from the leaves of Lamiophlomis rotata Kudo, has been shown previously to have anti-inflammatory properties.

The trade impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Using a gravity-like approach, we study how COVID-19 deaths and lockdown policies affected countries' imports from China during 2020. We find that a country's own COVID-19 deaths and lockdowns significantly reduced its imports from China, suggesting that the negative demand effects prevailed over the negative supply effects of the pandemic. On the contrary, COVID-19 deaths in the main trading partners of a country (excluding China) induce more imports from China, partially offsetting countries' own effects.

Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Regimen of Lithium in Chinese Patients With Bipolar Disorder.

: Lithium is an effective medication approved for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD). It has a narrow therapeutic index (TI) and requires therapeutic drug monitoring. This study aimed to conduct a population pharmacokinetics (PPK) analysis of lithium and investigate the appropriateness of the dosing regimen according to different patient characteristics.

Atomistic simulations of mechanical response of a heterogeneous fcc/bcc nanolayered composite.

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of a heterogeneous face-centered cubic/ body-centered cubic Cu/Ta nanolayered composite under uniaxial tension and compression. The results show that the stress-strain curves exhibit two main yield points in tension while only one yield point during compression, and the deformation primarily experiences three stages. The first stage is linearly elastic at small strains, followed by the nucleation and propagation of dislocations and stacking faults in the Cu layers, and eventually the Ta layers yield to plastic deformation.

Insight into the Potential of Meehania fargesii var. Radicans against Hp-Induced Gastric Carcinoma Based on Phytochemical and Molecular Docking Studies.

We used UV-guided method to isolate and identify 12 secondary metabolites from Meehania fargesii var. Radicans for the first time, including eight triterpenoids (1-8), two phenylpropanoid derivatives (9-10) and two flavone glycosides (11-12). Their structures were identified by NMR spectroscopic methods, as well as literature comparison.

Tetraphenylethylene-Arylamine Derivatives as Hole Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells.

A series of hole transporting materials (HTMs) with fused tetraphenylethylene cores (9,9'-bifluorenylidene and dibenzo[,]chrysene) as well as different substitution positions of arylamine side arms has been designed and synthesized. A reference HTM with a non-fused tetraphenylethylene core is also prepared for a comparative study. It is noted that fused tetraphenylethylene molecules show a bathochromic spectral shift, electronegative character, and lower reorganization energies than the non-fused ones.

Introducing ammonium salt into hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells.

The developed ammonium salt-containing hole transporting material could passivate perovskite defects and transport holes, and exhibits better performance compared with the non-ammonium salt counterpart.

Dimension-Controlled Growth of Antimony-Based Perovskite-like Halides for Lead-Free and Semitransparent Photovoltaics.

Antimony (Sb) has been identified as a promising candidate for replacing toxic lead (Pb) in perovskite materials because Sb-based perovskite-like halides exhibit not only intrinsic thermodynamic stability but also a unique set of intriguing optoelectronic characteristics. However, Sb-based perovskite-like halides still suffer from poor film morphology and uncontrollable halide constituents, which result from the disorder of the growth process. Herein, we propose a simple strategy to facilitate heterogeneous nucleation and control the dimension transformation by introducing bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium (LiTFSI), which produces high-quality two-dimensional MASbICl films.

Fused tetraphenylethylene-triphenylamine as an efficient hole transporting material in perovskite solar cells.

A fused tetraphenylethylene-based hole transporting material shows higher power conversion efficiency and better stability compared with its non-fused counterpart, and the former molecule even outperforms the conventional spiro-OMeTAD.