Chromosome-level echidna genome illuminates evolution of multiple sex chromosome system in monotremes.

Background: A thorough analysis of genome evolution is fundamental for biodiversity understanding. The iconic monotremes (platypus and echidna) feature extraordinary biology. However, they also exhibit rearrangements in several chromosomes, especially in the sex chromosome chain.

Telomere-to-telomere genome and resequencing of 254 individuals reveal evolution, genomic footprints in Asian icefish, Protosalanx chinensis.

The Asian icefish, Protosalanx chinensis, has undergone extensive colonization in various waters across China for decades due to its ecological and physiological significance as well as its economic importance in the fishery resource. Here, we decoded a telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome for P. chinensis combining PacBio HiFi long reads and ultra-long ONT (nanopore) reads and Hi-C data.

Clonal Integration Promotes the Photosynthesis of Clonal Plant Under Heterogeneous Pb and/or Pyrene Stress.

Clonal plants can support the growth of their ramets in heterogeneous environments through clonal integration between the ramets. However, the role of clonal integration in modulating ramet photosynthesis under toxic stress, especially combined stress, is unclear. This study examines the impact of clonal integration on under three heterogeneous stresses (Pb, pyrene, and Pb+Pyrene) with two stolon connection conditions (connected and disconnected).

Many-body van der Waals interactions in multilayer structures studied by atomic force microscopy.

Van der Waals interaction in multilayer structures was predicted to be of many-body character, almost in parallel with the establishment of Lifshitz theory. However, the diminishing interaction between layers separated by a finite-thickness intermediate layer prevents experimental verification of the many-body nature. Here we verify the substrate contribution at the adhesion between the atomic force microscopy tip and the supported graphene, by taking advantage of the atomic-scale proximity of two objects separated by graphene.

Microstructural and mechanical responses of Sn58Bi/Cu composite solder joints with 0.1wt.% Ni and carbon fiber addition.

The effect of carbon fibers (Cf) and Ni nanoparticles addition on the melting point, microstructure, shear strength, indentation hardness and indentation creep of SnBi/Cu solder joints were explored. Composite solder with various Cf percentages (0, 0.02, 0.

Identification and verification of the optimal feature genes of ferroptosis in thyroid-associated orbitopathy.

Background: Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the orbital adipose tissue, primarily causing oxidative stress injury and tissue remodeling in the orbital connective tissue. Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death driven by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), iron metabolism disorder, and lipid peroxidation. This study aims to identify and validate the optimal feature genes (OFGs) of ferroptosis with diagnostic and therapeutic potential in TAO orbital adipose tissue through bioinformatics analysis and to assess their correlation with disease-related immune cell infiltration.

Thiostrepton suppresses colorectal cancer progression through reactive oxygen species related endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Due to the poor therapeutic efficacy of CRC treatments and poor prognosis of the disease, effective treatment strategies are urgently needed. As long-term proteotoxic stress is a major cause of cell death, agents that induce proteotoxic stress offer a promising strategy for cancer intervention.

Intermarrying MOF Glass and Lead Halide Perovskites for Artificial Photosynthesis.

The development of efficient artificial photosynthesis systems is crucial for sustainable chemical production, as they mimic natural processes to convert solar energy into chemical products, thereby addressing both energy and environmental challenges. The main bottlenecks in current research include fabricating highly selective, stable, and scalable catalysts, as well as effectively harnessing the full spectrum of light, particularly the low-energy, long-wavelength portion. Herein, we report a novel composite photocatalyst system based on lead halide perovskites embedded in functionalized MOF glass.

A closed-box kernel function for numerical simulation of transient heat conduction.

A new kernel function, termed the closed-box kernel function, has been developed to address numerical simulation of transient heat conduction in the same medium. Firstly, this method is versatile and not limited to specific industrial scenarios or designated materials. Secondly, the method solves the spatial temperature at each time point only once, eliminating the need for multiple iterations.

Deconstruction and analysis of global biodiversity loss transfer network based on the social network analysis method.

Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining ecosystem stability and achieving sustainable development. However, global biodiversity loss is a common challenge faced by most countries. Therefore, based on the data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species and the Eora database, we used the multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model to calculate biodiversity loss in 188 countries.

Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Enhances Decidualization Process of Endometrial Stromal Cells Through STAT3/HOXA10 Axis.

Background: Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is characterized by the repeated failure of implantation, often linked to impaired endometrial receptivity. This study investigates how granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) promotes endometrial stromal cell decidualization.

Methods: THESCs (human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized endometrial stromal cells) were used as an in vitro cell model to induce decidualization.

Identification and expression analysis of lncRNAs in rice roots (Oryza sativa L.) under elevated CO concentration and/or cadmium stress.

The gradual rise of CO is one of the global climate changes, Cd stress is also a major abiotic stress factor that affects rice (Oryza sativa L.). The rice seedlings were treated under two CO concentrations and two CdCl concentrations for 7 days (treatments names: 400 ± 20 μmol mol CO and 0 μmol L CdCl concentrations, AC; 400 ± 20 μmol mol CO and 150 μmol L CdCl concentrations, Cd; 800 ± 20 μmol mol CO and 0 μmol L CdCl concentrations, EC; 800 ± 20 μmol mol CO and 150 μmol L CdCl concentrations, EC + Cd).

Optimal fermentation of M1 and metabolomics analysis.

The microbial agents based on plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have become a hot topic in agricultural research, while the optimization of fermentation conditions for PGPR-based microbial agents still lack systematic research. The single-factor and orthogonal experiments were conducted to determine the optimal fermentation conditions of M1. The results indicated that the glycerol and shaker speed was the most significant factors that influence the number of bacteria of M1 fermentation liquid.

GsMTx4 Combined with Exercise Exerts Neuroprotective Effects by Regulating Neuronal Autophagy in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury.

A sharp increase in intramedullary pressure after spinal cord injury (SCI) can aggravate secondary injury and lead to severe neurological deficits. Unfortunately, effective treatment options are currently lacking. The mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 plays an important role in the pathological process of SCI by transducing mechanical stress.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the PSS-QoL questionnaire.

Background: The quality of life(QoL) of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome(PSS) is affected by a variety of symptoms, and it is important to comprehensively assess the factors affecting patients' QoL.The PSS-QoL is a specific tool for the assessment of patients' QoL in the PSS. The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the PSS-QoL for the Chinese language,to establish a QoL assessment tool for PSS patients in Chinese culture and to test the reliability and validity of the PSS-QoL.

Integrative analysis of multi-omics data identified PLG as key gene related to Anoikis resistance and immune phenotypes in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by facilitating the proliferation of HCC cells and enabling resistance to Anoikis. ECM also provide structural support that aids in the invasion of HCC cells, thereby influencing the tumor microenvironment. Due to genetic variations and molecular heterogeneity, significant challenges exist in the treatment of HCC, particularly with immunotherapy, which frequently leads to immune tolerance and suboptimal immune responses.

Organic photoelectrochemical transistor biosensor based on BiVO-ZnInS material for efficient and sensitive detection of MCF-7 cells.

Recently, organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) has become a very interesting biological measurement method in photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis and future bio-related applications. OPECT is expected to be a powerful tool for disease detection and early warning. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are generally deemed to be the dominant factor of tumor metastasis, and 90 % of cancer patients die from this metastatic disease.

Recurrence and influencing factors of hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance induced by peginterferon alpha-based regimens.

Background: The long-term stability of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance following peginterferon alpha (peg-IFN-α)-based therapy has not been extensively studied, leaving the full potential and limitations of this strategy unclear.

Aim: To assess HBsAg recurrence after seroclearance achieved by peg-IFN-α regimens.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted from November 2015 to June 2021 at three Chinese hospitals: The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ankang Central Hospital, and The Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University.

Orbital computed tomography imaging characteristics of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.

This study aims to investigate the distribution characteristics and correlations of orbital soft tissue volume expansion in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) by analyzing orbital computed tomography (CT) data and to determine the most appropriate parameters and corresponding cut-off values for imaging classification. Patients with TAO who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, along with those with lacrimal duct obstruction requiring orbital CT examination, were included in the study. Raw CT data were imported into Mimics and RadiAnt software for analysis, and measurements of orbital volume, orbital fat volume, extraocular muscle volume, optic nerve volume, and exophthalmos were obtained.

Transcription regulation of African swine fever virus: dual role of M1249L.

African swine fever virus (ASFV), which poses significant risks to the global economy, encodes a unique host-independent transcription system. This system comprises an eight-subunit RNA polymerase (vRNAP), temporally expressed transcription factors and transcript associated proteins, facilitating cross-species transmission via intermediate host. The protein composition of the virion and the presence of transcription factors in virus genome suggest existence of distinct transcription systems during viral infection.

Selinexor combined with bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma with extramedullary disease.

Objective: We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of Selinexor combined bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (XVRd) protocol in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma with extramedullary disease.

Methods: This is a single-arm, open, observational clinical study. For induction/consolidation(21-day cycles), patients received 8 cycles of XVRd protocol.

Salidroside ameliorates neuroinflammation in autistic rats by inhibiting NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signal pathway.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that place a huge economic and emotional burden on society. Salidroside (Sal) has been reported to have therapeutic effects in a variety of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease （AD） and Parkinson's disease (PD), however no studies have been conducted to show whether salidroside is effective in ASD. Pyroptosis is involved in the pathology of a variety of neurological disorders, but has not been reported in ASD.