Novel rhesus macaque immunoglobulin germline genes identified by three sequencing approaches.

Introduction: Rhesus macaques have long been a focus of research for understanding immune responses to human pathogens due to their close phylogenetic relationship with humans. As rhesus macaque antibody germlines show high degrees of polymorphism, the spectrum of database-covered genes expressed in individual macaques remains to be determined.

Methods: Here, four rhesus macaques infected with SHIV became a study of interest because they developed broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1.

Development and validation of a droplet digital PCR method for quantifying lentiviral vector infectious titer.

Lentiviruses, with their high transduction efficiency and gene expression levels, are widely used as gene delivery vectors in the development of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) and other genetically modified cell therapies. Accurate determination of the lentiviral vector infectious titer is essential to ensure effective transduction and product consistency. In this study, we developed an efficient method for lentiviral vector titration based on digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) technology, enabling absolute quantification of the target gene.

IBR1, a novel endogenous IFIH1-binding dsRNA, governs IFIH1 activation and M1 macrophage polarisation in ARDS.

Background: Uncontrolled inflammation caused by macrophages and monocytes plays a crucial role in worsening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Previous studies have highlighted the importance of IFIH1 in regulating macrophage polarisation in ARDS triggered by pneumonia. However, the mechanisms by which IFIH1 is activated in ARDS remain unclear.

Building Vulnerability to Landslides: Broad-Scale Assessment in Xinxing County, China.

This study develops a model to assess building vulnerability across Xinxing County by integrating quantitative derivation with machine learning techniques. Building vulnerability is characterized as a function of landslide hazard risk and building resistance, wherein landslide hazard risk is derived using CNN (1D) for nine hazard-causing factors (elevation, slope, slope shape, geotechnical body type, geological structure, vegetation cover, watershed, and land-use type) and landslide sites; building resistance is determined through quantitative derivation. After evaluating the building susceptibility of all the structures, the susceptibility of each village is then calculated through subvillage statistics, which are aimed at identifying the specific needs of each area.

Integrative multi-omics analysis unravels the host response landscape and reveals a serum protein panel for early prognosis prediction for ARDS.

Background: The multidimensional biological mechanisms underpinning acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) continue to be elucidated, and early biomarkers for predicting ARDS prognosis are yet to be identified.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter observational study, profiling the 4D-DIA proteomics and global metabolomics of serum samples collected from patients at the initial stage of ARDS, alongside samples from both disease control and healthy control groups. We identified 28-day prognosis biomarkers of ARDS in the discovery cohort using the LASSO method, fold change analysis, and the Boruta algorithm.

Microbiome features in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-related interstitial lung disease.

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common complication of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), which is one of the connective tissue diseases (CTD). It can lead to poor prognosis and increased mortality. However, the distribution and role of the lower respiratory tract (LRT) microbiome in patients with IIM-ILD remains unclear.

Exploration of the Vermiculite-Induced Bacterial Community and Co-Network Successions during Sludge-Waste Mushroom Co-Composting.

Vermiculite is a clay mineral with unique physical properties that plays a significant role in plant cultivation, soil remediation, and solid waste management. In this research, we first explored how vermiculite-to-microbe interactions evolved during sludge-waste mushroom residue co-composting. Vermiculite's addition had a substantial impact on the microbial α and β diversities, significantly changed the microbial community pattern, and strengthened the composting nutrient circulation through the formation of more specialist and generalist species.

Precise control of digital dental unit to reduce aerosol and splatter production: new challenges for future epidemics.

Background: During dental procedures, critical parameters, such as cooling condition, speed of the rotary dental turbine (handpiece), and distance and angle from pollution sources, were evaluated for transmission risk of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), simulated by spiking in a plasmid encoding a modified viral spike protein, HexaPro (S6P), in droplets and aerosols.

Methods: To simulate routine operation in dental clinics, dental procedures were conducted on a dental manikin within a digital dental unit, incorporating different dental handpiece speeds and cooling conditions. The tooth model was immersed in Coomassie brilliant blue dye and was pre-coated with 100 μL water spiked-in with S6P-encoding plasmid.

Extracellular proteins enhance Cupriavidus pauculus nickel tolerance and cell aggregate formation.

Heavy metal-resistant bacteria secrete extracellular proteins (e-PNs). However, the role of e-PNs in heavy metal resistance remains elusive. Here Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy implied that N-H, C = O and NH-R played a crucial role in the adsorption and resistance of Ni in the model organism Cuprividus pauculus 1490 (C.

Allosteric Neutralization by Human H7N9 Antibodies.

The avian influenza A virus H7N9 causes severe human infections with more than 30% fatality despite the use of neuraminidase inhibitors. Currently there is no H7N9-specific prevention or treatment for humans. From a 2013 H7N9 convalescent case occurred in Hong Kong, we isolated four H7 hemagglutinin (HA)-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by single B cell cloning, with three mAbs directed to the HA globular head domain (HA1) and one to the HA stem region (HA2).

A follow-up study on the recovery and reinfection of Omicron COVID-19 patients in Shanghai, China.

Limited follow-up data is available on the recovery of Omicron COVID-19 patients after acute illness. It is also critical to understand persistence of neutralizing antibody (NAb) and of T-cell mediated immunity and the role of hybrid immunity in preventing SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. This prospective cohort study included Omicron COVID-19 individuals from April to June 2022 in Shanghai, China, during a large epidemic caused by the Omicron BA.

Self-assembled molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers regulated by lithium sulfate for high performance supercapacitors.

Recently, molybdenum disulfide (MoS) has been extensively investigated as a promising pseudocapacitor electrode material. However, MoS usually exhibits inferior rate capability and cyclability, which restrain its practical application in energy storage. In this work, MoS nanoflowers regulated by LiSO (L-MoS) are successfully fabricated intercalating solvated Li ions.

Protective effects of fisetin in an Aβ1-42-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, neurodegenerative disorder that affects the central nervous system and is found predominantly in elderly populations. As amyloid b protein (Ab) is one of the key players responsible for the pathogenesis of AD, we sought to investigate the protective effects of fisetin in an Ab1-42-induced rat model of AD. In this model, the protective effects of fisetin on learning and memory impairment induced by Ab1-42 were determined via the Morris water maze and passive avoidance test.

The cryobiopsy in interstitial lung diseases guided by probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy is feasible.

Background: Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLB) is routinely used to diagnose the interstitial lung disease (ILD). These results are consistent with those of surgical lung biopsy. Fluoroscopy is also used to confirm the final position of the cryoprobe; however, it can increase radiation exposure for both patients and medical care personnel.

Pseudotyped Virus for Papillomavirus.

Papillomavirus is difficult to culture in vitro, which limits its related research. The development of pseudotyped virus technology provides a valuable research tool for virus infectivity research, vaccine evaluation, infection inhibitor evaluation, and so on. Depending on the application fields, different measures have been developed to generate various kinds of pseudotyped papillomavirus.

Assays Based on Pseudotyped Viruses.

Pseudotyped viruses are more and more widely used in virus research and the evaluation of antiviral products because of their high safety, simple operation, high accessibility, ease in achieving standardization, and high throughput. The development of measures based on pseudotyped virus is closely related to the characteristics of viruses, and it is also necessary to follow the principles of assay development. Only in the process of method development, where the key parameters that affect the results are systematically optimized and the preliminary established method is fully validated, can the accuracy, reliability, and repeatability of the test results be ensured.

Aspergillus infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic airway non-specific inflammatory disease characterised by airway obstruction and alveolar destruction. In recent years, due to the extensive use of antibiotics, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants and other drugs, pulmonary fungal infection in patients with AECOPD, especially aspergillus infection, has gradually increased. The forms of aspergillus infection present in COPD patients include sensitisation, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA).

Heterotrophic anodic denitrification coupled with cathodic metals recovery from on-site smelting wastewater with a bioelectrochemical system inoculated with mixed Castellaniella species.

Although Castellaniella species are crucial for denitrification, there is no report on their capacity to carry out denitrification and anode respiration simultaneously in a bioelectrochemical system (BES). Herein, the ability of a mixed inoculum of electricigenic Castellaniella species to perform simultaneous denitrification and anode respiration coupled with cathodic metals recovery was investigated in a BES. Results showed that 500 mg/L NO-N significantly decreased power generation, whereas 100 and 250 mg/L NO-N had a lesser impact.