Effectiveness and mechanism of action of rTMS combined with quadriceps strength training in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Quadriceps training is necessary in function and activity of daily living for patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, it did not reduce the rate of surgical treatment for end-stage KOA in the long term. This may be related to brain structure changes and maladaptive plasticity in KOA patients.

The Zinc Finger Transcription Factor BbCmr1 Regulates Conidium Maturation in Beauveria bassiana.

The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is a typical filamentous fungus and has been used for pest biocontrol. Conidia are the main active agents of fungal pesticides; however, we know little about conidial developmental mechanisms and less about maturation mechanisms. We found that a ZnCys transcription factor of bassiana (named BbCmr1) was mainly expressed in late-stage conidia and was involved in conidium maturation regulation.

[Differential Expression of Six wnt Gene Family Members in Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces and Adult Worms].

Objective: To investigate the differential mRNA expression and tissue distribution of wnt [wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) integration site family, wnt] gene members wnt1, wnt2, wnt4, wnt5, wnt11A and wnt11B in protoscoleces and adult worms of Echinococcus granulosus.

Methods: The mRNA expression of wnt1, wnt2, wnt4, wnt5, wnt11A and wnt11B was determined by qRT-PCR. Tissue distribution of wnt1, wnt2, wnt4, wnt5, wnt11A and wnt11B in Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces was determined by the whole-mount in situ hybridization.