Insights into starch-based gels: Selection, fabrication, and application.

Starch a natural polymer, has made significant advancements in recent decades, offering superior performance and versatility compared to synthetic materials. This review discusses up-to-date diverse applications of starch gels, their fabrication techniques, and their advantages over synthetic materials. Starch gels renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, scalability, and affordability make them attractive.

Correlation between the expressions of metastasis-associated factor-1 in colon cancer and vacuolar ATP synthase.

Background: Clinical prognosis often worsens due to high recurrence rates following radical surgery for colon cancer. The examination of high-risk recurrence factors post-surgery provides critical insights for disease evaluation and treatment planning.

Aim: To explore the relationship between metastasis-associated factor-1 in colon cancer (MACC1) and vacuolar ATP synthase (V-ATPase) expression in colon cancer tissues, and recurrence rate in patients undergoing radical colon cancer surgery.

Inhibition of PPO-related browning in fresh noodles: A combination of chemical and heat treatment.

Enzymatic browning has been a significant factor affecting the sale of fresh noodles. This study used a combination of physical and chemical methods to achieve a long-lasting and effective anti-browning effect in fresh noodles. The results showed that the combinations of citric acid (CA), NaOH, and KOH with heat treatment blunted the polyphenol oxidase activity and improved the color of fresh noodles.

Effect of re-acetylation on the acid hydrolysis of chitosan under an induced electric field.

This study explored the impact of re-acetylation on induced electric field (IEF)-assisted hydrolysis of chitosan. Chitosan with different degree of deacetylation (DD) exhibited different charge content but similar electrical conductivity and output voltage of the electrolyte system, thus theoretically resulting in equivalent electro-processing efficiency. However, molecular and rheological measurements suggested that the hydrolysis rate decreased with an increase of DD.

The impact of sodium carbonate on physico-chemical properties and cooking qualities of starches isolated from alkaline yellow noodles.

The physicochemical and cooking properties of wheat starch isolated from alkaline yellow dough treated with sodium carbonate (NaCO 0-3.2 g/100 g) were investigated. With increasing NaCO addition, swelling power increased from 7.

Effect of multiple freezing-thawing cycles on structural and functional properties of starch granules isolated from soft and hard wheat.

Properties of starches isolated from soft and hard wheat dough after freezing/thawing (F/T) treatment were investigated. Significance of results was observed between isolated hard wheat starch (HWS) and soft wheat starch (SWS), but both cultivars showed an increase in the amounts of damaged starch and leaching proteins, lipids, and amylose with F/T cycles. The freezing-treated HWS exhibited a higher swelling power and peak, trough, breakdown and final viscosity than SWS after F/T treatment.

HPTLC-FLD-SERS as a facile and reliable screening tool: Exemplarily shown with tyramine in cheese.

The serious cytotoxicity of tyramine attracted marked attention as it induced necrosis of human intestinal cells. This paper presented a novel and facile high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method tailored for screening tyramine in cheese. Separation was performed on glass backed silica gel plates, using methanol/ethyl acetate/ammonia (6/4/1 v/v/v) as the mobile phase.

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure and retrogradation treatments on structural and physicochemical properties of waxy wheat starch.

In this study, the effects of high hydrostatic pressure and retrogradation (HHPR) treatments on in vitro digestibility, structural and physicochemical properties of waxy wheat starch were investigated. The waxy wheat starch slurries (10%, w/v) were treated with high hydrostatic pressures of 300, 400, 500, 600MPa at 20°C for 30min, respectively, and then retrograded at 4°C for 4d. The results indicated that the content of slowly digestible starch (SDS) in HHPR-treated starch samples increased with increasing pressure level, and it reached the maximum (31.

Extraction optimization by response surface methodology of mucilage polysaccharide from the peel of Opuntia dillenii haw. fruits and their physicochemical properties.

In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technology of mucilage polysaccharide from the peel of Opuntia dillenii haw. fruits (OFPP), and the physicochemical characteristics of OFPP were also investigated. The three parameters were the ratio of water to raw material (30-40ml/g), microwave power (300-400W) and extraction time (120-180s).

Selenophosphate synthetase 1 is an essential protein with roles in regulation of redox homoeostasis in mammals.

Selenophosphate synthetase (SPS) was initially detected in bacteria and was shown to synthesize selenophosphate, the active selenium donor. However, mammals have two SPS paralogues, which are designated SPS1 and SPS2. Although it is known that SPS2 catalyses the synthesis of selenophosphate, the function of SPS1 remains largely unclear.

Expression of Selenoproteins Is Maintained in Mice Carrying Mutations in SECp43, the tRNA Selenocysteine 1 Associated Protein (Trnau1ap).

Selenocysteine tRNA 1 associated protein (Trnau1ap) has been characterized as a tRNA[Ser]Sec-binding protein of 43 kDa, hence initially named SECp43. Previous studies reported its presence in complexes containing tRNA[Ser]Sec implying a role of SECp43 as a co-factor in selenoprotein expression. We generated two conditionally mutant mouse models targeting exons 3+4 and exons 7+8 eliminating parts of the first RNA recognition motif or of the tyrosine-rich domain, respectively.

Effects of citric acid esterification on digestibility, structural and physicochemical properties of cassava starch.

In this study, citric acid was used to react with cassava starch in order to compare the digestibility, structural and physicochemical properties of citrate starch samples. The results indicated that citric acid esterification treatment significantly increased the content of resistant starch (RS) in starch samples. The swelling power and solubility of citrate starch samples were lower than those of native starch.

Effect of debranching and heat-moisture treatments on structural characteristics and digestibility of sweet potato starch.

The effects of debranching treatment (DT) and debranching-heat-moisture treatment (D-HMT) on the structural characteristics and in vitro digestibility of sweet potato starch were investigated. The results indicated that DT and D-HMT decreased the percentage of starch fraction with degree of polymerization (DP) ⩽ 13, increased the percentages of the other fractions, and decreased the molecular weight of starch sample. The D-HMT starch showed a considerable SDS content of 31.

The 15kDa selenoprotein and thioredoxin reductase 1 promote colon cancer by different pathways.

Selenoproteins mediate much of the cancer-preventive properties of the essential nutrient selenium, but some of these proteins have been shown to also have cancer-promoting effects. We examined the contributions of the 15kDa selenoprotein (Sep15) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TR1) to cancer development. Targeted down-regulation of either gene inhibited anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth and formation of experimental metastases of mouse colon carcinoma CT26 cells.

Protective effect of polysaccharides from Opuntia dillenii Haw. fruits on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

In this study, a novel water-soluble polysaccharide fraction with molecular weight of 6479.1kDa was isolated from the fruits of Opuntia dillenii Haw., which consisted of rhamnose, xylose, mannose and glucose in the molar ratio of 14.

Effects of continuous and intermittent retrogradation treatments on in vitro digestibility and structural properties of waxy wheat starch.

The effects of continuous retrogradation (CR) and intermittent retrogradation (IR) treatments under 4 °C and 25 °C or temperature-cycled condition of 4/25 °C on the digestibility and structural properties of waxy wheat starch were investigated. The results indicated that IR treatment under temperature cycles of 4/25 °C (IR-4/25) was more beneficial to the formation of slowly digestible starch (SDS, 42.24%).

Structural characterisation, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Lilium lancifolium Thunb.

A novel polysaccharide fraction (LP2-1) was isolated and purified from the edible bulbs of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. by DEAE cellulose chromatography and Sephacryl S-400 size-exclusion chromatography. The structural characterisation, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of LP2-1 were investigated.

Effect of repeated retrogradation on structural characteristics and in vitro digestibility of waxy potato starch.

The effects of repeated retrogradation (RR) treatment on the structural characteristics and in vitro digestibility of waxy potato starch were investigated. The cycling times of RR ranging from 1 to 5 were designated as RR-1, RR-2, RR-3, RR-4, and RR-5, respectively. A maximum SDS content (40.

Effect of single-, dual-, and triple-retrogradation treatments on in vitro digestibility and structural characteristics of waxy wheat starch.

The effects of single-retrogradation (SR), dual-retrogradation (DR) and triple-retrogradation (TR) treatments on in vitro digestibility and structural characteristics of waxy wheat starch were investigated. The yield of slowly digestible starch in a DR-treated starch with retrogradation time interval of 48 h reached a maximum of 44.41%.

Effect of temperature-cycled retrogradation on in vitro digestibility and structural characteristics of waxy potato starch.

The effects of temperature-cycled retrogradation treatment on the structural characteristics and in vitro digestibility of waxy potato starch were investigated in this study. The results showed that the maximum yield of slowly digestible starch (SDS) in waxy potato starch reached 38.63% by retrogradation treatment under temperature cycles of 4/25°C for 3 days with an interval of 24h.

Protective effects of polysaccharides from Lilium lancifolium on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

In this study, the protective effect of Lilium lancifolium polysaccharides (LLP) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and possible mechanism were investigated. The diabetic mice were administered with LLP for 28 days. The results showed that oral administration of LLP could significantly decrease blood glucose level and increase body weight loss in STZ-induced diabetic mice.

Expression of an exoinulinase gene from Aspergillus ficuum in Escherichia coli and its characterization.

An exoinulinase gene from Aspergillus ficuum JNSP5-06 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Two exons of the exoinulinase gene were amplified separately, joined together by an overlap PCR, and expressed in E. coli.

Knockout of the 15 kDa selenoprotein protects against chemically-induced aberrant crypt formation in mice.

Evidence suggests that selenium has cancer preventive properties that are largely mediated through selenoproteins. Our previous observations demonstrated that targeted down-regulation of the 15 kDa selenoprotein (Sep15) in murine colon cancer cells resulted in the reversal of the cancer phenotype. The present study investigated the effect of Sep15 knockout in mice using a chemically-induced colon cancer model.

Biosynthesis of selenocysteine, the 21st amino acid in the genetic code, and a novel pathway for cysteine biosynthesis.

The biosynthetic pathway for selenocysteine (Sec), the 21st amino acid in the genetic code whose codeword is UGA, was recently determined in eukaryotes and archaea. Sec tRNA, designated tRNA([Ser]Sec), is initially aminoacylated with serine by seryl-tRNA synthetase and the resulting seryl moiety is converted to phosphoserine by O-phosphoseryl-tRNA kinase to form O-phosphoseryl-tRNA([Ser]Sec). Sec synthase (SecS) then uses O-phosphoseryl-tRNA([Ser]Sec) and the active donor of selenium, selenophosphate, to form Sec-tRNA([Ser]Sec).