Triglyceride-glucose index and health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies.

Background: Numerous meta-analyses have explored the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and diverse health outcomes, yet the comprehensive assessment of the scope, validity, and quality of this evidence remains incomplete. Our aim was to systematically review and synthesise existing meta-analyses of TyG index and health outcomes and to assess the quality of the evidence.

Methods: A thorough search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was conducted from their inception through to 8 April 2024.

ABO and Rhesus blood groups and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies.

Background: Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups and various health outcomes. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the robustness of these associations is still lacking.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and several regional databases from their inception until Feb 16, 2024, with the aim of identifying systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies exploring associations between ABO and Rh blood groups and diverse health outcomes.

Tumor Radiomic Features on Pretreatment MRI to Predict Response to Lenvatinib plus an Anti-PD-1 Antibody in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Lenvatinib plus an anti-PD-1 antibody has shown promising antitumor effects in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but with clinical benefit limited to a subset of patients. We developed and validated a radiomic-based model to predict objective response to this combination therapy in advanced HCC patients.

Methods: Patients ( = 170) who received first-line combination therapy with lenvatinib plus an anti-PD-1 antibody were retrospectively enrolled from 9 Chinese centers; 124 and 46 into the training and validation cohorts, respectively.

Infection evaluation in the early period after liver transplantation: A single-center exploration.

Background: Infection is a significant risk factor that impacts for perioperative morbidity and mortality in liver transplantation (LTx) patients and is difficult to evaluate quantitatively in the early posttransplantation period. Thus, a biomarker to assess the risk of infection and the prognosis of the recipient is highly desirable.

Methods: A total of 128 consecutive patients with end-stage liver diseases undergoing LTx between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, were screened retrospectively.

Central pancreatectomy for benign or low-grade malignant pancreatic tumors in the neck and body of the pancreas.

Background: For tumors in the neck and body of the pancreas, distal pancreatectomy (DP) has been the standard surgical procedure for the last few decades and central pancreatectomy (CP) is an alternative surgical option. Whether CP better preserves remnant pancreatic endocrine and exocrine functions after surgery remains a subject of debate.

Aim: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of CP compared with DP for benign or low-grade malignant pancreatic tumors in the neck and body of the pancreas.

Gut Microbiome-Mediated Alteration of Immunity, Inflammation, and Metabolism Involved in the Regulation of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of end-stage liver disease, leading to a rapidly growing global public health burden. The term "gut microbiome (GM)" refers to the approximately 100 trillion microbial cells that inhabit the host's gastrointestinal tract. There is increasing evidence that GM is involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and may be a potential target for intervention.

Combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy for cancer treatment.

Although targeted therapies and immunotherapies have been effective against several malignancies, the respective monotherapies are limited by low and/or short-term responses. Specific inhibitors of oncogenic signaling pathways and tumor-associated angiogenesis can activate the anti-tumor immune responses by increasing tumor antigen presentation or intratumor T cell infiltration. Additional insights into the effects and mechanisms of targeted therapies on the induction of anti-tumor immunity will facilitate development of rational and effective combination strategies that synergize rapid tumor regression and durable response.

lncRNA-POIR promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses sorafenib sensitivity simultaneously in hepatocellular carcinoma by sponging miR-182-5p.

Sorafenib (SOR) resistance remains a major obstacle in the effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are responsible for this chemoresistance. This study aimed to reveal the essential function of a recently defined lncRNA, lncRNA-POIR, in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and SOR sensitivity of HCC cells.

Intratumoral heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma: From single-cell to population-based studies.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by high heterogeneity in both intratumoral and interpatient manners. While interpatient heterogeneity is related to personalized therapy, intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) largely influences the efficacy of therapies in individuals. ITH contributes to tumor growth, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance and consequently limits the prognosis of patients with HCC.

Prediction of postoperative pancreatic fistula using a nomogram based on the updated definition.

Purpose: The International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula's definition of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) has recently been updated. This study aimed to identify risk factors for POPF in patients having pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and to generate a nomogram to predict POPF.

Methods: Data on 298 patients who underwent PD from March 2012 to October 2017 was retrospectively reviewed and POPF statuses were redefined.

Development of a Novel Multiparametric MRI Radiomic Nomogram for Preoperative Evaluation of Early Recurrence in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer.

Background: In pancreatic cancer, methods to predict early recurrence (ER) and identify patients at increased risk of relapse are urgently required.

Purpose: To develop a radiomic nomogram based on MR radiomics to stratify patients preoperatively and potentially improve clinical practice.

Study Type: Retrospective.

A nomogram for prediction of posthepatectomy liver failure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective study.

To generate a nomogram to predict posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF), we attempted to elucidate salient risk factors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).We performed a retrospective review of 665 patients with HCC who received hepatectomy in 2 academic institutions in China. Independent risk factors for PHLF were identified from putative demographic, intrinsic, biochemical, surgery-related, and volumetric data.

The efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in the elderly with advanced pancreatic cancer.

Objectives: FOLFIRINOX (FFX) or abraxane plus gemcitabine (AG)-based chemotherapy is used widely as firstline treatment for patients with pancreatic cancer. However, their use in the elderly is discouraged because of adverse events. More clinical data about the therapeutic response and tolerability to FFX or AG in elderly patents (over 70 years old) are required.

Factors associated with failure of enhanced recovery after surgery program in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background: The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol is an evidence-based perioperative care program aimed at reducing surgical stress response and accelerating recovery. However, a small proportion of patients fail to benefit from the ERAS program following pancreaticoduodenectomy. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with failure of ERAS program in pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Predicting surgical site infections using a novel nomogram in patients with hepatocelluar carcinoma undergoing hepatectomy.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) remain a major cause of morbidity after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Aim: To identify the risk factors associated with SSI, and develop a nomogram to predict SSI among patients undergoing hepatectomy.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients diagnosed with HCC undergoing hepatectomy at two academic institutions in China, and evaluated the occurrence of SSI.

Dermatological Disorders following Liver Transplantation: An Update.

Patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) are at a high risk of dermatological complications compared to the general population as a result of long-term use of immunosuppressant. However, the risk is not as high as other solid organ transplantations (SOT), particularly for skin cancer. The liver is considered as an immune privileged organ since it has a low prevalence of humoral rejection in contrast to other SOT, and thus, LT requires a minimal amount of immunosuppressants compared to other SOT recipients.

The First Report of Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Primary Duodenal Carcinoma in a Patient With Situs Inversus Totalis: Report of a Rare Case.

Background: Situs inversus (SI) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the transposition of thoracic and abdominal viscera. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) is increasingly used in patients with periampullar and pancreatic carcinomas. For patients with SI, LPD can be more complicated because of reversed anatomy and possible other associated anomalies that have not been expected before surgery.

Preoperative prediction of peripancreatic vein invasion by pancreatic head cancer.

Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is often diagnosed at an advanced stage when adjacent vascular invasion is present. Accurate evaluation of presence of vascular invasion can help guide therapy. The aim of this study was to construct a nomogram for preoperative prediction of peripancreatic vein invasion in patients with pancreatic head cancer.

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation versus 2-stage hepatectomy: A meta-analysis.

Background: The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis comparing associating liver partition and portal vein ligation (ALPPS) with conventional 2-stage hepatectomy (TSH) in terms of clinical outcomes and to determine the feasibility and safety of ALPPS.

Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was adopted to search the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China Biology Medicine disc databases for studies comparing ALPPS and TSH. The search was broadened by looking up the reference lists of the retrieved articles.

Immunometabolism: A novel perspective of liver cancer microenvironment and its influence on tumor progression.

The initiation and progression of liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, are dependent on its tumor microenvironment. Immune cells are key players in the liver cancer microenvironment and show complicated crosstalk with cancer cells. Emerging evidence has shown that the functions of immune cells are closely related to cell metabolism.