Multi-omics reveals that the rumen microbiome and its metabolome together with the host metabolome contribute to individualized dairy cow performance.

Background: Recently, we reported that some dairy cows could produce high amounts of milk with high amounts of protein (defined as milk protein yield [MPY]) when a population was raised under the same nutritional and management condition, a potential new trait that can be used to increase high-quality milk production. It is unknown to what extent the rumen microbiome and its metabolites, as well as the host metabolism, contribute to MPY. Here, analysis of rumen metagenomics and metabolomics, together with serum metabolomics was performed to identify potential regulatory mechanisms of MPY at both the rumen microbiome and host levels.

Reinstatement of the Chinese endemic species .

has been treated as a synonym of . Examination of herbarium specimens and observation of wild living plants demonstrates that is a distinct species and is clearly distinguishable from through its flowering phenology in which leaves and flowers open simultaneously, its smaller corolla lobes and filaments, and its white-stellate-pubescent seeds. On this basis, we reinstate as an accepted species.

Lactation-related metabolic mechanism investigated based on mammary gland metabolomics and 4 biofluids' metabolomics relationships in dairy cows.

Background: Lactation is extremely important for dairy cows; however, the understanding of the underlying metabolic mechanisms is very limited. This study was conducted to investigate the inherent metabolic patterns during lactation using the overall biofluid metabolomics and the metabolic differences from non-lactation periods, as determined using partial tissue-metabolomics. We analyzed the metabolomic profiles of four biofluids (rumen fluid, serum, milk and urine) and their relationships in six mid-lactation Holstein cows and compared their mammary gland (MG) metabolomic profiles with those of six non-lactating cows by using gas chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry.

C/EBPβ mediates osteoclast recruitment by regulating endothelial progenitor cell expression of SDF-1α.

Integration of tissue-engineered bone grafts with the host bone is vital for the healing of critical-size bone defects. An important aspect of this process is bone resorption, which must be carried out by osteoclasts derived from the host. However, the mechanism underlying recruitment of host osteoclast precursors to graft sites remains unclear.

Effects of initial cell density and hydrodynamic culture on osteogenic activity of tissue-engineered bone grafts.

This study aimed to study the effects of initial cell density and in vitro culture method on the construction of tissue-engineered bone grafts and osteogenic activities. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded onto cubic scaffolds prepared from demineralized bone matrix (DBM) by three methods - static, hydrodynamic, or fibrin hydrogel-assisted seeding. The resulting cell-scaffold constructs were cultured in vitro by static flask culture or hydrodynamic culture.

Prevascularisation with endothelial progenitor cells improved restoration of the architectural and functional properties of newly formed bone for bone reconstruction.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine whether the addition of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contributes to restoring the architectural and functional properties of newly formed bone for reconstruction of bone defects.

Methods: Bone marrow-derived EPCs and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were co-seeded onto demineralized bone matrix (DBM) as a prevascularized tissue-engineered bone (TEB) for the repair of segmental bone defects to evaluate the effects of prevascularization of TEB on ameliorating morphological, haemodynamic and mechanical characteristics.

Results: The restoration of the intraosseous vasculature and medullary cavity was improved markedly compared to the non-prevascularized groups.

Co-culture with endothelial progenitor cells promotes survival, migration, and differentiation of osteoclast precursors.

In this study, we report the effect of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on the biological behavior of osteoclast precursors in vitro by establishing an indirect co-culture system of mice EPCs and RAW 264.7 monocyte cells. Results show that the survival, migration, and differentiation of osteoclast precursors were greatly enhanced when co-cultured with EPCs.

A strategy for promoting bone regeneration by inducible expression of 15-LOX-1.

Repairing large bone defects is a major orthopaedic problem, with current treatments being constrained by the regenerative capacity of human tissue. Current methods for repairing bone defects include osteogenesis, osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and tissue engineering; however, the cumulative effect of these methods is, as of yet, rather unsatisfactory. Recent research has demonstrated that knockout of the cell cycle inhibitor p21, which works as a switch to control regenerative capacity, can promote cell proliferation and appendage regeneration.

[Treatment of high-energy tibia plateau injury with half-ring external fixation combined with minimum internal fixation].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of less invasive surgical treatment for high-energy tibia plateau injury with half-ring external fixation combined with minimum internal fixation.

Methods: From January, 2003 to May,2006, 16 cases of high-energy tibia plateau fracture were treated with half-ring external fixation combined with minimum internal fixation including 10 cases of type V and 6 cases of type VI according to Schatzker's classification. The average age of the patients was 42.