[ C-based Sources Partitioning of Atmospheric CO During Youth Olympic Games, Nanjing].

Observations of urban atmospheric CO molar fraction and its C isotope composition (δ C) is of great importance to interpret the effect of anthropogenic and biologic sources on local or regional carbon cycle. High-frequency in-situ observation on atmospheric in urban airsheds was performed during Youth Olympic Games (YOG) in Nanjing. The hourly, diurnal and daily differences of CO concentration and its δ C between the period with and without temporary CO emission controls were compared.

GDF11/BMP11 activates both smad1/5/8 and smad2/3 signals but shows no significant effect on proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

GDF11/BMP11, a member of TGF-β superfamily, was reported to rejuvenate heart, skeletal muscle and blood vessel architecture in aged mice. However, the rejuvenative effects of GDF11 were questioned recently. Here, we investigated the effects of GDF11 on smad and non-smad signals in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the effects of GDF11 on proliferation and migration of HUVECs and primary rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs).

Aβ1-16 can aggregate and induce the production of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and inflammatory cytokines.

Amyloid-β (Aβ40/42) aggregates containing the cross-β-sheet structure are associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is generally accepted that the N-terminal peptide of Aβ40/42, Aβ1-16, does not aggregate, and is not cytotoxic. However, we here show that Aβ1-16 can aggregate, and form cytotoxic aggregates containing β-turns and regular non-amyloid β-sheet structures.

α-Tocopherol quinone inhibits β-amyloid aggregation and cytotoxicity, disaggregates preformed fibrils and decreases the production of reactive oxygen species, NO and inflammatory cytokines.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. The aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) into extracellular fibrillar deposition is a pathological hallmark of AD. The Aβ aggregate-induced neurotoxicity, inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress are linked strongly to the etiology of AD.

Ellagic acid promotes Abeta42 fibrillization and inhibits Abeta42-induced neurotoxicity.

Smaller, soluble oligomers of beta-amyloid (Abeta) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Selective inhibition of Abeta oligomer formation provides an optimum target for AD therapy. Some polyphenols have potent anti-amyloidogenic activities and protect against Abeta neurotoxicity.

Resveratrol inhibits beta-amyloid oligomeric cytotoxicity but does not prevent oligomer formation.

Beta-amyloid (Abeta) aggregation has been strongly associated with the neurodegenerative pathology and a cascade of harmful event rated to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibition of Abeta assembly, destabilization of preformed Abeta aggregates and attenuation of the cytotoxicity of Abeta oligomers and fibrils could be valuable therapeutics of patients with AD. Recent studies suggested that moderate consumption of red wine and intake of dietary polyphenols, such as resveratrol, may benefit AD phenotypes in animal models and reduce the relative risk for AD clinical dementia.

Conformation-dependent single-chain variable fragment antibodies specifically recognize beta-amyloid oligomers.

Increasing evidence indicates that beta-amyloid (Abeta) oligomers rather than monomers or fibrils are the major toxic agents that specifically inhibit synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation (LTP) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neutralization of Abeta oligomeric toxicity was found to reverse memory deficits. Here, we report four single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies isolated from the naive human scFv library by phage display that specifically recognized Abeta oligomers but not monomers and fibrils.